Guidelines for performing lignin-first biorefining
Mahdi M. Abu-Omar,Katalin Barta,Gregg T. Beckham,Gregg T. Beckham,Jeremy S. Luterbacher,John Ralph,Roberto Rinaldi,Yuriy Román-Leshkov,Joseph S. M. Samec,Bert F. Sels,Feng Wang +10 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors present a set of guidelines for analysing critical data from lignin-first approaches, including feedstock analysis and process parameters, with the ambition of uniting the lignIN-first research community around a common set of reportable metrics, including fractionation efficiency, product yields, solvent mass balances, catalyst efficiency, and requirements for additional reagents such as reducing, oxidising, or capping agents.Abstract:
The valorisation of the plant biopolymer lignin is now recognised as essential to enabling the economic viability of the lignocellulosic biorefining industry. In this context, the “lignin-first” biorefining approach, in which lignin valorisation is considered in the design phase, has demonstrated the fullest utilisation of lignocellulose. We define lignin-first methods as active stabilisation approaches that solubilise lignin from native lignocellulosic biomass while avoiding condensation reactions that lead to more recalcitrant lignin polymers. This active stabilisation can be accomplished by solvolysis and catalytic conversion of reactive intermediates to stable products or by protection-group chemistry of lignin oligomers or reactive monomers. Across the growing body of literature in this field, there are disparate approaches to report and analyse the results from lignin-first approaches, thus making quantitative comparisons between studies challenging. To that end, we present herein a set of guidelines for analysing critical data from lignin-first approaches, including feedstock analysis and process parameters, with the ambition of uniting the lignin-first research community around a common set of reportable metrics. These guidelines comprise standards and best practices or minimum requirements for feedstock analysis, stressing reporting of the fractionation efficiency, product yields, solvent mass balances, catalyst efficiency, and the requirements for additional reagents such as reducing, oxidising, or capping agents. Our goal is to establish best practices for the research community at large primarily to enable direct comparisons between studies from different laboratories. The use of these guidelines will be helpful for the newcomers to this field and pivotal for further progress in this exciting research area.read more
Citations
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Elements Of Chemical Reaction Engineering
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Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of a biorefinery utilizing reductive catalytic fractionation
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Hydrothermal carbonization and liquefaction for sustainable production of hydrochar and aromatics
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Transforming biorefinery designs with 'Plug-In Processes of Lignin' to enable economic waste valorization.
Zhi-Hua Liu,Naijia Hao,Yun-Yan Wang,Chang Dou,Furong Lin,Rongchun Shen,Renata Bura,David B. Hodge,Bruce E. Dale,Arthur J. Ragauskas,Arthur J. Ragauskas,Bin Yang,Joshua S. Yuan +12 more
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References
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TL;DR: The NREL Laboratory Analytical Procedures for standard biomass analysis are available electronically at DISCLAIMER These standard Biomass Analytical Methods (" Methods ") are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (" NREL "), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (" ASE ") for the Department Of Energy as discussed by the authors.
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