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Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA).

TLDR
As a consequence of recent rigorous clinical trials, laser photocoagulation is no longer recommended for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has emerged as first-line therapy and Steroids have maintained a role in the management of chronically persistent DME.
Abstract
Diabetic retinal disease is envisioned to become the plague of the coming decades with a steep increase of worldwide diabetes incidence followed by a substantial rise in retinal disease. Improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic care have to cope with this dilemma in a clinically and socioeconomically efficient manner. Laser treatment has found a less destructive competitor in pharmacological treatments. As a consequence of recent rigorous clinical trials, laser photocoagulation is no longer recommended for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME), and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has emerged as first-line therapy. Steroids have maintained a role in the management of chronically persistent DME. The paradigm shifts in therapy are accompanied by a substantial break-through in diagnostics. The following guidance for the management of DME has been composed from the best updated knowledge of leading experts in Europe and represents another volume in the series of EURETINA recommendations for the management of retinal disease.

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Journal ArticleDOI

The Evolving Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

TL;DR: There remains no one single strategy for the management of the particular stages of DR and DME as there are many options that have not been rigorously tested through large, randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Journal ArticleDOI

Diabetic retinopathy, a vascular and inflammatory disease: Therapeutic implications

TL;DR: Anti-inflammatory compounds such as intravitreal glucocorticoids, topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antioxidants, inflammatory molecule inhibitors, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers and natural anti- inflammatory therapies may all be considered to reduce the rate of administration of antineovascularization agents in the treatment of DR.
Journal ArticleDOI

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis

TL;DR: Aflibercept, bevacizumab and ranibizumAB were all more effective than laser for improving vision by 3 or more lines after one year (high-certainty evidence) and approximately one in 10 people improve vision with laser, and about three in 10People improve with anti-VEGF treatment: risk ratio (RR) versus laser.
References
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Journal Article

Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)

R C Turner, +398 more
- 12 Sep 1998 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of intensive blood-glucose control with either sulphonylurea or insulin and conventional treatment on the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial were compared.
Journal Article

Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.

TL;DR: The effects of intensive blood-glucose control with either sulphonylurea or insulin and conventional treatment on the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial were compared.
Journal Article

Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)

TL;DR: Since intensive glucose control with metformin appears to decrease the risk of diabetes-related endpoints in overweight diabetic patients, and is associated with less weight gain and fewer hypoglycaemic attacks than are insulin and sulphonylureas, it may be the first-line pharmacological therapy of choice in these patients.
Journal ArticleDOI

10-Year Follow-up of Intensive Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes

TL;DR: Despite an early loss of glycemic differences, a continued reduction in microvascular risk and emergent risk reductions for myocardial infarction and death from any cause were observed during 10 years of post-trial follow-up.
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