Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression
Yvette I. Sheline,Po W. Wang,Po W. Wang,Mokhtar H. Gado,John G. Csernansky,Michael W. Vannier +5 more
TLDR
The results suggest that depression is associated with hippocampal atrophy, perhaps due to a progressive process mediated by glucocorticoid neurotoxicity.Abstract:
Hippocampal volumes of subjects with a history of major depressive episodes but currently in remission and with no known medical comorbidity were compared to matched normal controls by using volumetric magnetic resonance images. Subjects with a history of major depression had significantly smaller left and right hippocampal volumes with no differences in total cerebral volumes. The degree of hippocampal volume reduction correlated with total duration of major depression. In addition, large (diameter > or = 4.5 mm)-hippocampal low signal foci (LSF) were found within the hippocampus, and their number also correlated with the total number of days depressed. These results suggest that depression is associated with hippocampal atrophy, perhaps due to a progressive process mediated by glucocorticoid neurotoxicity.read more
Citations
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Requirement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis for the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants
Luca Santarelli,Michael Saxe,Cornelius Gross,Alexandre Surget,Fortunato Battaglia,Stephanie C. Dulawa,Noelia V. Weisstaub,James T. Lee,Ronald S. Duman,Ottavio Arancio,Catherine Belzung,René Hen +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that disrupting antidepressant-induced neurogenesis blocks behavioral responses to antidepressants, suggesting that the behavioral effects of chronic antidepressants may be mediated by the stimulation of neuroGenesis in the hippocampus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic Antidepressant Treatment Increases Neurogenesis in Adult Rat Hippocampus
TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of antidepressants on hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult rat using the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a marker for dividing cells demonstrates that chronic antidepressant treatment significantly increases the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus and hilus of the hippocampus.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies
TL;DR: Preclinical studies suggest that early life stress induces long-lived hyper(re)activity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems as well as alterations in other neurotransmitter systems, resulting in increased stress responsiveness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease.
TL;DR: The balance in actions mediated by the two corticosteroid receptor types in these neurons appears critical for neuronal excitability, stress responsiveness, and behavioral adaptation and Dysregulation of this MR/GR balance brings neurons in a vulnerable state with consequences for regulation of the stress response and enhanced vulnerability to disease in genetically predisposed individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression.
TL;DR: Mouse genetics, allowing for selective inactivation of genes relevant for HPA regulation and molecular pharmacology, dissecting the intracellular cascade of CR signaling, are the most promising future research fields, suited for identifying genes predisposing to depression.
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