Journal ArticleDOI
Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Impairment
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TLDR
Trials in high-risk subjects, which have taken into account the baseline B vitamin status, show a slowing of cognitive decline and of atrophy in critical brain regions, results that are consistent with modification of the Alzheimer's disease process.Abstract:
Moderately elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a strong modifiable risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Prospectively, elevated tHcy is associated with cognitive decline, white matter damage, brain atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, and dementia. Most homocysteine-lowering trials with folate and vitamins B6 and/or B12 tested as protective agents against cognitive decline were poorly designed by including subjects unlikely to benefit during the trial period. In contrast, trials in high-risk subjects, which have taken into account the baseline B vitamin status, show a slowing of cognitive decline and of atrophy in critical brain regions, results that are consistent with modification of the Alzheimer's disease process. Homocysteine may interact with both risk factors and protective factors, thereby identifying people at risk but also providing potential strategies for early intervention. Public health steps to slow cognitive decline should be promoted in individuals who are at r...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
One-Carbon Metabolism in Health and Disease
TL;DR: The fundamentals of mammalian 1C metabolism, including the pathways active in different compartments, cell types, and biological states, are reviewed and new opportunities for selective therapeutic intervention are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement.
A. David Smith,Helga Refsum,Teodoro Bottiglieri,Michael Fenech,Babak Hooshmand,Andrew McCaddon,Joshua W. Miller,Irwin H. Rosenberg,Rima Obeid +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that elevated plasma total homocysteine is a modifiable risk factor for development of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease in older persons.
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Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist
TL;DR: B12 deficiency is the leading cause of megaloblastic anemia, and although more common in the elderly, can occur at any age, and is best diagnosed using a combination of tests because none alone is completely reliable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease.
TL;DR: The mechanisms of action of the dietary components of the Mediterranean diet are reviewed in prevention of cardiovascular disease, stroke, age-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease, and the important dietary role of cereal grains in Prevention of coronary disease and stroke is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homocysteine Modification in Protein Structure/Function and Human Disease.
TL;DR: Mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia affects cellular proteostasis are described, a comprehensive account of the biological chemistry of homocysteine-containing proteins is provided, and pathophysiological consequences and clinical implications of their formation are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Dementia developed in 111 subjects, including 83 given a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, over a median follow-up period of eight years, and plasma levels of folate and vitamins B12 and B6 increased.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Disease
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Stéphanie Debette,Hugh S. Markus +1 more
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