How well can CMIP5 simulate precipitation and its controlling processes over tropical South America
TLDR
In this article, the authors investigate whether underestimation of rainfall still exists in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) models and, if so, what causes these biases?Abstract:
Underestimated rainfall over Amazonia was a common problem for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) models. We investigate whether it still exists in the CMIP phase 5 (CMIP5) models and, if so, what causes these biases? Our evaluation of historical simulations shows that some models still underestimate rainfall over Amazonia. During the dry season, both convective and large-scale precipitation is underestimated in most models. GFDL-ESM2M and IPSL notably show more pentads with no rainfall. During the wet season, large-scale precipitation is still underestimated in most models. In the dry and transition seasons, models with more realistic moisture convergence and surface evapotranspiration generally have more realistic rainfall totals. In some models, overestimates of rainfall are associated with the adjacent tropical and eastern Pacific ITCZs. However, in other models, too much surface net radiation and a resultant high Bowen ratio appears to cause underestimates of rainfall. During the transition season, low pre-seasonal latent heat, high sensible flux, and a weaker influence of cold air incursions contribute to the dry bias. About half the models can capture, but overestimate, the influences of teleconnection. Based on a simple metric, HadGEM2-ES outperforms other models especially for surface conditions and atmospheric circulation. GFDL-ESM2M has the strongest dry bias presumably due to its overestimate of moisture divergence, induced by overestimated ITCZs in adjacent oceans, and reinforced by positive feedbacks between reduced cloudiness, high Bowen ratio and suppression of rainfall during the dry season, and too weak incursions of extratropical disturbances during the transition season.read more
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Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm.
Carlos A. Nobre,Gilvan Sampaio,Laura S. Borma,Juan Carlos Castilla-Rubio,José Salomão Oliveira Silva,Manoel Cardoso +5 more
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Presentation and evaluation of the IPSL‐CM6A‐LR climate model
Olivier Boucher,Jérôme Servonnat,Anna Lea Albright,Olivier Aumont,Yves Balkanski,Vladislav Bastrikov,Slimane Bekki,Rémy Bonnet,Sandrine Bony,Laurent Bopp,Pascale Braconnot,Patrick Brockmann,Patricia Cadule,Arnaud Caubel,Frédérique Cheruy,Francis Codron,Anne Cozic,David Cugnet,Fabio D'Andrea,Paolo Davini,Casimir de Lavergne,Sébastien Denvil,Julie Deshayes,Marion Devilliers,Agnès Ducharne,Jean-Louis Dufresne,Eliott Dupont,Christian Ethé,Laurent Fairhead,Lola Falletti,Simona Flavoni,Marie Alice Foujols,Sébastien Gardoll,Guillaume Gastineau,Josefine Ghattas,Jean Yves Grandpeix,Bertrand Guenet,E. Guez Lionel,Eric Guilyardi,Matthieu Guimberteau,Didier Hauglustaine,Frédéric Hourdin,Abderrahmane Idelkadi,Sylvie Joussaume,Masa Kageyama,Myriam Khodri,Gerhard Krinner,Nicolas Lebas,Guillaume Levavasseur,Claire Lévy,Laurent Li,François Lott,Thibaut Lurton,Sebastiaan Luyssaert,Gurvan Madec,Jean Baptiste Madeleine,Fabienne Maignan,Marion Marchand,Olivier Marti,Lidia Mellul,Yann Meurdesoif,Juliette Mignot,Ionela Musat,Catherine Ottlé,Philippe Peylin,Yann Planton,Jan Polcher,Catherine Rio,Nicolas Rochetin,Clément Rousset,Pierre Sepulchre,Adriana Sima,Didier Swingedouw,Rémi Thiéblemont,Abdoul Khadre Traore,Martin Vancoppenolle,Jessica Vial,Jérôme Vialard,Nicolas Viovy,Nicolas Vuichard +79 more
TL;DR: The authors presented the global climate model IPSL-CM6A-LR developed at the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and anthropogenic forcings as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).
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Evaluating the Land and Ocean Components of the Global Carbon Cycle in the CMIP5 Earth System Models
Alessandro Anav,Pierre Friedlingstein,M. Kidston,Laurent Bopp,Philippe Ciais,Peter M. Cox,C. D. Jones,Martin Jung,Ranga B. Myneni,Zaichun Zhu +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the ability of 18 Earth system models to simulate the land and ocean carbon cycle for the present climate and find that the models correctly reproduce the main climatic variables controlling the spatial and temporal characteristics of the carbon cycle.
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Increased dry-season length over southern Amazonia in recent decades and its implication for future climate projection
Rong Fu,Lei Yin,Wenhong Li,Paola A. Arias,Robert E. Dickinson,Lei Huang,Sudip Chakraborty,Katia Fernandes,Brant Liebmann,Rosie A. Fisher,Ranga B. Myneni +10 more
TL;DR: It is observed that the dry-season length over southern Amazonia has increased significantly since 1979, primarily owing to a delay of its ending dates (dry-season end, DSE), and is accompanied by a prolonged fire season.
Journal ArticleDOI
Projections of future meteorological drought and wet periods in the Amazon
TL;DR: Property of recent and future meteorological droughts in the Amazon are examined in 35 climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and it is found that the CMIP5 climate models, as a group, simulate important properties of historical meteorological drought in theAmazon.
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