Journal ArticleDOI
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Breast-Milk Components
Irving F. Hoffman,Francis Martinson,Paul W. Stewart,David Chilongozi,Szu Yun Leu,Peter N. Kazembe,Topia Banda,Willard Dzinyemba,Priya Joshi,Myron S. Cohen,Susan A. Fiscus +10 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The probability of detection of HIV (sensitivity) and the concentration of HIV-1 RNA were both associated with the choice of milk component, CD4(+) cell count, concentration of blood serum HIV- 1 RNA, and the presence of breast inflammation.Abstract:
We conducted the present study to determine which of the 4 components of breast milk (whole milk, skim milk, lipid layer, and breast-milk cells) had the highest sensitivity and concentration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA burden and to determine biological correlates to these factors. The probability of detection of HIV (sensitivity) and the concentration of HIV-1 RNA were both associated with the choice of milk component, CD4(+) cell count, concentration of blood serum HIV-1 RNA, and the presence of breast inflammation. Whole milk demonstrated higher sensitivity and mean concentration than any other single component. Sensitivity was enhanced by analyzing all 4 components of breast milk.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review.
Elizabeth Centeno-Tablante,Melisa Medina-Rivera,Julia L. Finkelstein,Pura Rayco-Solon,María Nieves García-Casal,Lisa M Rogers,Kate Ghezzi-Kopel,Pratiwi Ridwan,Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas,Saurabh Mehta +9 more
TL;DR: A living systematic review to capture information that might necessitate changes in the guidance on breast milk and breastfeeding given the uncertainty in this area and to provide evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission through breast milk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological mechanisms of vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmission
Dara A. Lehman,Carey Farquhar +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that prevention relies not only on reducing maternal HIV‐1 levels within blood, genital tract and breast milk, but also on pre‐ and/or post‐exposure prophylaxis to the infant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human breast milk and antiretrovirals dramatically reduce oral HIV-1 transmission in BLT humanized mice
Angela Wahl,Michael D. Swanson,Tomonori Nochi,Rikke Olesen,Rikke Olesen,Paul W. Denton,Morgan Chateau,J. Victor Garcia +7 more
TL;DR: In vivo results demonstrate that breast milk has a strong inhibitory effect on oral transmission of both cell-free and cell-associated HIV, and shows that systemic antiretrovirals administered prior to exposure can efficiently prevent oral HIV transmission in BLT mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV-1 Reservoirs in Breast Milk and Challenges to Elimination of Breast-Feeding Transmission of HIV-1
Philippe Van de Perre,Philippe Van de Perre,Pierre-Alain Rubbo,Pierre-Alain Rubbo,Johannes Viljoen,Nicolas Nagot,Nicolas Nagot,Thorkild Tylleskär,Philippe Lepage,Jean-Pierre Vendrell,Jean-Pierre Vendrell,Edouard Tuaillon,Edouard Tuaillon +12 more
TL;DR: Only prophylactic treatment in infants—ideally with a long-acting drug, administered for the entire duration of breast-feeding—is likely to protect HIV-exposed babies against all forms of HIV transmission from breast milk, including cell-to-cell viral transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preserving breastfeeding practice through the HIV pandemic
Hm M. Coovadia,Rm M. Bland +1 more
TL;DR: This review provides recent key findings and opinions around making breastfeeding safer for HIV‐ positive women, and argues for preservation of breastfeeding, as opposed to complete avoidance of breastfeeding for all HIV‐positive women.
References
More filters
Book
Statistical Analysis with Missing Data
TL;DR: This work states that maximum Likelihood for General Patterns of Missing Data: Introduction and Theory with Ignorable Nonresponse and large-Sample Inference Based on Maximum Likelihood Estimates is likely to be high.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Analysis with Missing Data
Book
Generalized, Linear, and Mixed Models
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for estimating the effect of random effects on a set of variables in a linear mixed model with the objective of finding the probability of a given variable having a given effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial
Laura Guay,Philippa Musoke,Thomas Fleming,Danstan Bagenda,Melissa Allen,Clemensia Nakabiito,Joseph Sherman,Paul M Bakaki,Constance Ducar,Martina Deseyve,Lynda Emel,Mark Mirochnick,Mary Glenn Fowler,Lynne M. Mofenson,Paolo G. Miotti,Kevin Dransfield,Dorothy Bray,Francis Mmiro,J. Brooks Jackson +18 more
TL;DR: Nevirapine lowered the risk of HIV-1 transmission during the first 14-16 weeks of life by nearly 50% in a breastfeeding population, suggesting this simple and inexpensive regimen could decrease mother-to-child HIV- 1 transmission in less-developed countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenicity of live, attenuated SIV after mucosal infection of neonatal macaques
Timothy W. Baba,Yong Seok Jeong,Dominique Pennick,Rod Bronson,Michael F. Greene,Ruth M. Ruprecht +5 more
TL;DR: Adult macaques do not develop disease after infection with a nef deletion mutant of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and are protected against challenge with pathogenic virus, but neonatal macaques developed persistently high levels of viremia after oral exposure to SIV nef, vpr, and negative regulatory element (NRE) deletion mutant.