Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrolysis of Cellulose by Amorphous Carbon Bearing SO3H, COOH, and OH Groups
Satoshi Suganuma,Kiyotaka Nakajima,Masaaki Kitano,Daizo Yamaguchi,Hideki Kato,Shigenobu Hayashi,Michikazu Hara +6 more
TLDR
The carbon catalyst can be readily separated from the saccharide solution after reaction for reuse in the reaction without loss of activity, and the catalytic performance of the carbon catalyst is attributed to the ability of the material to adsorb beta-1,4 glucan, which does not adsorb to other solid acids.Abstract:
The hydrolysis of cellulose into saccharides using a range of solid catalysts is investigated for potential application in the environmentally benign saccharification of cellulose. Crystalline pure cellulose is not hydrolyzed by conventional strong solid Bronsted acid catalysts such as niobic acid, H-mordenite, Nafion and Amberlyst-15, whereas amorphous carbon bearing SO 3H, COOH, and OH function as an efficient catalyst for the reaction. The apparent activation energy for the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose using the carbon catalyst is estimated to be 110 kJ mol (-1), smaller than that for sulfuric acid under optimal conditions (170 kJ mol (-1)). The carbon catalyst can be readily separated from the saccharide solution after reaction for reuse in the reaction without loss of activity. The catalytic performance of the carbon catalyst is attributed to the ability of the material to adsorb beta-1,4 glucan, which does not adsorb to other solid acids.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mesostructured silica–carbon composites synthesized by employing surfactants as carbon source
TL;DR: In this paper, a general synthetic route for the fabrication of carbon-silica composites with a carbon layer coating the mesopores of the mesostructured silica is presented.
Book ChapterDOI
Biodiesel Production with Solid Catalysts
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe solid heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production and their typical catalytic mechanism, which can be used to overcome these problems, because they are noncorrosive, non-toxic, and easily separated for recycling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerated ageing reactions: towards simpler, solvent-free, low energy chemistry
TL;DR: A broad overview of accelerated aging reactions can be found in this paper, where the authors provide an overview of chemical transformations that proceed spontaneously, by mixing of initially solid reactants, and are accelerated and/or directed through gentle stimuli in the form of mild heating, exposure to diverse gas or vapour environments, brief mechanical milling, and the presence of catalysts, and a broad overview illustrates how such accelerated ageing reactions could provide a route to develop operationally simple, as well as safe, inexpensive and materials-and energy-efficient processes for the environmentally-friendly synthesis of diverse
Journal ArticleDOI
Effective transformation of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by fluorine anion-containing ionic liquid modified biochar sulfonic acids in water
Chao Zhang,Zengtian Cheng,Zaihui Fu,Yachun Liu,Xianfeng Yi,Anmin Zheng,Steven R. Kirk,Dulin Yin +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the fluorine anion-containing ionic liquids-functionalized biochar sulfonic acids (BCSA-IL-F1-3s), which were simply synthesized by an ionic exchange of 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL-Cl) grafted on the BCSA with CF3SO3H (HF1), HBF4 (HF2), HPF6 (HF3), respectively, can efficiently catalyze cellulose hydrolysis into reducing sugars (
Journal ArticleDOI
Developing two-dimensional solid superacids with enhanced mass transport, extremely high acid strength and superior catalytic performance
TL;DR: 2D hybrid solid superacids with extremely high acid strength and outstanding mass transfer properties were prepared and exhibit superior activities for biomass conversion.
References
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Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon
Andrea C. Ferrari,John Robertson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a model and theoretical understanding of the Raman spectra in disordered and amorphous carbon is given, and the nature of the G and D vibration modes in graphite is analyzed in terms of the resonant excitation of \ensuremath{\pi} states and the long-range polarizability of the long range bonding.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials
Arthur J. Ragauskas,Charlotte K. Williams,Brian H. Davison,George J. P. Britovsek,John Cairney,Charles A. Eckert,William J. Frederick,Jason P. Hallett,David J. Leak,Charles L. Liotta,Jonathan R. Mielenz,Richard J. Murphy,Richard H. Templer,Timothy J. Tschaplinski +13 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toward an aggregated understanding of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: noncomplexed cellulase systems.
TL;DR: It is suggested that it is timely to revisit and reinvigorate functional modeling of cellulose hydrolysis and that this would be highly beneficial if not necessary in order to bring to bear the large volume of information available on cellulase components on the primary applications that motivate interest in the subject.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bio-ethanol--the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today.
TL;DR: This review gives an overview of the new technologies required and the advances achieved in recent years to bring lignocellulosic ethanol towards industrial production.