Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
Citations
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Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated bottom sediments by the common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) in Poland
Marta Śliwa-Cebula,Tomasz Koniarz,Magdalena Szara-Bąk,Agnieszka Baran,Zbigniew Miszalski,Paweł Kaszycki +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a phytoremediation-based approach for the proper utilization of post-industrial, metal-contaminated bottom sediments, where the common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (Aizoaceae), an abiotic-stress tolerant, C3/CAM intermediate halophyte, was tested for growth in substrates containing bottom sediment and for biological removal of metal pollutants.
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The oral bioavailability of soil-borne risk elements for small terrestrial mammals: Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) and Apodemus sylvaticus L. and its implication in environmental studies
TL;DR: In this article , three groups of experimental animals were fed diets amended with soil and green biomass of hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri with different real risk elemetnt (RE) uptake by wild terresrial mammals (A. sylvaticus and M. arvalis ).
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Heavy metal phytoremediation by the novel prospect of microbes, nanotechnology, and genetic engineering for recovery and rehabilitation of landfill site
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the literature on landfill and its remediation prospects is presented, which suggests that trees and non-crop plants are more appropriate for the phytoremediation of landfill sites as compared to crop plants.
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Foraging for selenium: a comparison between hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator plant species
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of localized Se enrichment, in the form of selenite and selenate, was investigated on the root architecture of two Se-hyperaccumulators (Stanleya pinnata and Astragalus bisulcatus) and two non-accumulator (Brassica juncea and Medicago sativa).
References
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Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements. a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry
TL;DR: Phytochemical studies suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accumulators and excluders ?strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals
TL;DR: In this paper, two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders, which do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification, and indicators are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts.
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A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic
TL;DR: A hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant that helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Zinc in plants
Martin R. Broadley,Philip J. White,John P. Hammond,Ivan Zelko,Ivan Zelko,Alexander Lux,Alexander Lux +6 more
TL;DR: The dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil-root-shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn(2+) at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of ZN.
Book
Phytoremediation of toxic metals : using plants to clean up the environment
Ilya Raskin,Burt D. Ensley +1 more
TL;DR: Why Use Phytoremediation?