Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
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Cadmium associates with oxalate in calcium oxalate crystals and competes with calcium for translocation to stems in the cadmium bioindicator Gomphrena claussenii.
Paula Pongrac,Paula Pongrac,Tânia S. Serra,Hiram Castillo-Michel,Katarina Vogel-Mikuš,Katarina Vogel-Mikuš,Iztok Arčon,Iztok Arčon,Mitja Kelemen,Boštjan Jenčič,Anja Kavčič,Mina T. Villafort Carvalho,Mark G. M. Aarts +12 more
TL;DR: Using synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that in oxalate crystals of hydroponically grown G. claussenii the vast majority of Cd is bound to oxygen ligands in oxAlate crystals and the remaining Cd are bound to sulphur ligands (Cd-S-C coordination).
Journal ArticleDOI
Actephila alanbakeri (Phyllanthaceae): a new nickel hyperaccumulating plant species from localised ultramafic outcrops in Sabah (Malaysia).
Antony van der Ent,Antony van der Ent,Max van Balgooy,Peter C. van Welzen,Peter C. van Welzen +4 more
TL;DR: This new species of Actephila alanbakeri is one of the strongest known nickel hyperaccumulator plants in Southeast Asia with up to 14,700 μg g−1 (1.47 %) nickel in its leaves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of native vegetation for detailed characterization of a soil contaminated by tannery waste.
Donato Visconti,Nunzio Fiorentino,Antonio G. Caporale,Adriano Stinca,Paola Adamo,Riccardo Motti,Massimo Fagnano +6 more
TL;DR: Cynodon dactylon was recognized as the most suitable plant species for the phytostabilization of the contaminated site, as it showed the highest bioavailable Cd accumulation in roots coupled with the highest frequency and soil-cover capacity during spring-summer, when the risk of soil resuspension is generally more intense.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous hyperaccumulation of rare earth elements, manganese and aluminum in Phytolacca americana in response to soil properties.
Chong Liu,Wen-Shen Liu,Antony van der Ent,Jean Louis Morel,Hong-Xiang Zheng,Wang Guobao,Ye-Tao Tang,Rongliang Qiu +7 more
TL;DR: The potential by regulation of soil properties in improving the efficiency of phytoextraction for REEs by hyperaccumulators is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization has little consequence for plant heavy metal uptake in contaminated field soils.
TL;DR: Examining both direct and AMF-mediated effects of soil concentrations on plant concentrations of 8-13 metals in five wild plant species sampled across a field site with continuous variation in Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu contamination found plant and soil metal concentration profiles were closely matched despite high variability in soil metal concentrations.
References
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Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements. a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry
TL;DR: Phytochemical studies suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils.
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Accumulators and excluders ?strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals
TL;DR: In this paper, two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders, which do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification, and indicators are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic
TL;DR: A hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant that helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Zinc in plants
Martin R. Broadley,Philip J. White,John P. Hammond,Ivan Zelko,Ivan Zelko,Alexander Lux,Alexander Lux +6 more
TL;DR: The dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil-root-shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn(2+) at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of ZN.
Book
Phytoremediation of toxic metals : using plants to clean up the environment
Ilya Raskin,Burt D. Ensley +1 more
TL;DR: Why Use Phytoremediation?