Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
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References
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European species of Thlaspi L. (Cruciferae) as indicators of nickel and zinc
Roger D. Reeves,Robert R. Brooks +1 more
TL;DR: Analysis of herbarium specimens has shown that unusual metal uptake by European species of Thlaspi (Cruciferae, mustard family) is not confined to the well-known accumulation of zinc from calaminiferous soils, and accumulation to levels above 1000 μg/g in the dry mass of the plant is widespread.
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The Role of Metal Transport and Tolerance in Nickel Hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi goesingense Halacsy.
TL;DR: The data suggest that Ni tolerance is sufficient to explain the Ni hyperaccumulation phenotype observed in hydroponically cultured T. goesingense when compared with the Ni-sensitive nonhyperaccumulator T. arvense.
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Genetic basis of Cd tolerance and hyperaccumulation in Arabidopsis halleri
Valérie Bert,Pierre Jacques Meerts,Pierre Saumitou-Laprade,Pietrino Salis,Wolf Gruber,Nathalie Verbruggen +5 more
TL;DR: The genetic basis of Cd tolerance and hyperaccumulation was investigated in Arabidopsis halleri and the results support that Cdolerance may be governed by more than one major gene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution and Metal-Accumulating Behavior of Thlaspi caerulescens and Associated Metallophytes in France
TL;DR: The heavy metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens is widespread in France on many kinds of sites and substrates, including Zn/Pb/Cd mine and smelter wastes, Ni-rich serpentine outcrops and a variety of nonmetalliferous soils as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lead, zinc, cadmium hyperaccumulation and growth stimulation in Arabis paniculata Franch
TL;DR: Results indicate that A. paniculata has a strong ability to tolerate and hyperaccumulate Pb, Zn and Cd, and provides a new plant material for understanding the mechanisms of stimulatory effect and co-hyperaccumulation of multiple heavy metals.