Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
Citations
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Aminul Islam,A.M. Swaraz,Siow Hwa Teo,Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap,Dai-Viet N. Vo,Mohd Lokman Ibrahim,G. Abdulkreem-Alsultan,Umer Rashid,Md. Rabiul Awual,Md. Rabiul Awual +9 more
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Toward a more physiologically and evolutionarily relevant definition of metal hyperaccumulation in plants.
Eric W. Goolsby,Chase M. Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight several key issues with previous guidelines, and propose a refined definition that is more reflective of both the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying hyperaccumulation and the evolutionary history of this phenomenon.
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Exploring Lower Limits of Plant Elemental Defense by Cobalt, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that elemental defense for Co, Ni, and Zn may be effective at concentrations lower than hyperaccumulator levels and so may be more widespread than previously believed.
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Plant Species and Heavy Metals Affect Biodiversity of Microbial Communities Associated With Metal-Tolerant Plants in Metalliferous Soils.
TL;DR: Both plant species and heavy-metals were shown to be major determinants of microbial community structure and function when growing on various heavy metal polluted sites.
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Variation in the angiosperm ionome
Konrad Neugebauer,Konrad Neugebauer,Martin R. Broadley,Hamed A. El-Serehy,Timothy S. George,James W. McNicol,Milton Ferreira Moraes,Philip J. White,Philip J. White +8 more
TL;DR: A 'standard functional ionome' of leaves of an 'average' angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition.
References
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Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements. a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry
TL;DR: Phytochemical studies suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accumulators and excluders ?strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals
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A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic
TL;DR: A hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant that helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils.
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Martin R. Broadley,Philip J. White,John P. Hammond,Ivan Zelko,Ivan Zelko,Alexander Lux,Alexander Lux +6 more
TL;DR: The dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil-root-shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn(2+) at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of ZN.
Book
Phytoremediation of toxic metals : using plants to clean up the environment
Ilya Raskin,Burt D. Ensley +1 more
TL;DR: Why Use Phytoremediation?