Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
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References
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TL;DR: The high metal accumulation by some cultivars of B. juncea suggests that these plants may be used to clean up toxic metal-contaminated sites in a process termed phytoextraction.
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TL;DR: Some plants can hyperaccumulate metal ions that are toxic to virtually all other organisms at low dosages, and this trait could be used to clean up metal-contaminated soils.
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Metal Hyperaccumulation in Plants
TL;DR: The state of the art of the understanding of the physiological, molecular, and genetic basis underlying metal hyperaccumulation and its evolution is described and the future research needs and opportunities are described.
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Detection of nickeliferous rocks by analysis of herbarium specimens of indicator plants
TL;DR: In this paper, nearly 2000 herbarium specimens and 232 species of the genera Homalium and Hybanthus were analysed for nickel in order to identify plant accumulators of nickel which were indicative of nickeliferous (usually ultrabasic) rocks.