Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
Citations
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Indexes of Radicle are Sensitive and Effective for Assessing Copper and Zinc Tolerance in Germinating Seeds of Suaeda salsa
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the tolerance of Suaeda salsa seeds to different concentrations of Cu2+ (0,300 mM) and Zn2+(0, 300 mM) during germination and seedling growth stages.
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Phytoremediation potential of Pteris vittata L. under the combined contamination of As and Pb: beneficial interaction between As and Pb
Xiaoming Wan,Mei Lei,Tongbin Chen,Guang-dong Zhou,Jun Yang,Xiaoyong Zhou,Xi Zhang,Rui-xiang Xu +7 more
TL;DR: Micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that under the combined exposure of As and Pb, the As content in the rhizoid epidermis increased by about 10-fold, and the As(V) percentage increased in each rhizoids tissue, as compared with that under As exposure alone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal concentrations of Cu–Co in Haumaniastrum katangense, Haumaniastrum robertii and Aeolanthus biformifolius: contamination or hyperaccumulation?
Antony van der Ent,Antony van der Ent,François Malaisse,François Malaisse,Peter D. Erskine,Jolanta Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz,Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz,Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz,A. D. Barnabas,Marta Sośnicka,Hugh H. Harris +10 more
TL;DR: The chemical form of Cu and Co (complexation with carboxylic acids) provides additional evidence that genuine hyperaccumulation, and not soil mineral contamination, is responsible for extreme tissue concentrations of Cu in Haumaniastrum katangense.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological responses of the hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis Henry) to cadmium exposure and distribution of cadmium in plantlets
TL;DR: This work investigated cadmium tolerance of the hybrid larch Larix × eurolepis Henry (Larix decidua × Larix kaempferi) and the efficiency of this species to store this metal and found that it tolerated a 4-week exposure to 250 μM Cd, thus a value higher than the threshold requested for Cd hyperaccumulators.
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Effect of fertilizers on Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution of two cosmos species (Cosmos sulphureus and Cosmos bipinnata).
TL;DR: The results showed that Cd uptake of C. sulphureus and C. bipinnata with NPK fertilizer was significantly higher than control, N, and NP fertilizers, especially 3.8- and 4.7-fold higher thancontrol (p < 0.05), and revealed that segregation of Cd to Cd-rich granules (MRG) might play an important role in Cd detoxification in both species.
References
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Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements. a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry
TL;DR: Phytochemical studies suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accumulators and excluders ?strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals
TL;DR: In this paper, two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders, which do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification, and indicators are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts.
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A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic
TL;DR: A hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant that helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils.
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Zinc in plants
Martin R. Broadley,Philip J. White,John P. Hammond,Ivan Zelko,Ivan Zelko,Alexander Lux,Alexander Lux +6 more
TL;DR: The dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil-root-shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn(2+) at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of ZN.
Book
Phytoremediation of toxic metals : using plants to clean up the environment
Ilya Raskin,Burt D. Ensley +1 more
TL;DR: Why Use Phytoremediation?