Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Extreme Arsenic Bioaccumulation Factor Variability in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia
Géraldine Sarret,Stéphane Guédron,Darío Achá,Sarah Bureau,Florent Arnaud-Godet,Delphine Tisserand,Marisol Goñi-Urriza,Claire Gassie,Céline Duwig,Olivier Proux,Anne-Marie Aucour +10 more
TL;DR: It is reported that the highest As bioaccumulation factors ever measured are reported in one zone of Lake Titicaca, with As present as As(V) and monomethyl-As (MMA(V)) and non-accumulating periphyton found in the other sites presented BAFsperiphyten between 1281 and 11,962.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nickel-hyperaccumulating species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from the Philippines
TL;DR: All three species of Phyllanthus are prominent in ultramafic scrub communities and should be used in ecological restoration of mined-out Ni lateritic areas, implying that all species have great potential in phytoremediation, specifically, phytoextraction of Ni.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytoremediation removal rates of benzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene.
TL;DR: The benefit of the phytoremediation system is relatively sustainable cleanup over the long periods necessary due to the presence of NAPL, which indicates contaminant removal rates on the order of 10−2–100 kg/tree/year.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abundance and fate of thallium and its stable isotopes in the environment
TL;DR: In this article, the physicochemical characteristics of thallium and its stable isotopes (205Tl/203Tl) in the context of their occurrence and fate in abiotic and biotic systems are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inducing Ni sensitivity in the Ni hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum inflatum Nyárády (Brassicaceae) by transforming with CAX1 , a vacuolar membrane calcium transporter
Rasoul Ghasemi,Hoorieh Share,Roza Sharifi,Robert S. Boyd,Nishanta Rajakaruna,Nishanta Rajakaruna +5 more
TL;DR: The importance of calcium in nickel tolerance was studied in the nickel hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum inflatum by gene transformation of CAX1, a vacuolar membrane transporter that reduces cytosolic calcium as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements. a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry
TL;DR: Phytochemical studies suggest that hyperaccumulation is closely linked to the mechanism of metal tolerance involved in the successful colonization of metalliferous and otherwise phytotoxic soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accumulators and excluders ?strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals
TL;DR: In this paper, two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders, which do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification, and indicators are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic
TL;DR: A hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant that helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Zinc in plants
Martin R. Broadley,Philip J. White,John P. Hammond,Ivan Zelko,Ivan Zelko,Alexander Lux,Alexander Lux +6 more
TL;DR: The dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil-root-shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn(2+) at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of ZN.
Book
Phytoremediation of toxic metals : using plants to clean up the environment
Ilya Raskin,Burt D. Ensley +1 more
TL;DR: Why Use Phytoremediation?