Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction
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Abstract:
Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term ‘hyperaccumulator’ is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators.read more
Citations
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References
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Zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi caerulescens from metalliferous and nonmetalliferous sites in the Mediterranean area: implications for phytoremediation
TL;DR: Growth, tolerance and zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulation of Thlaspi caerulescens populations from three metal contaminated soils and three normal soils were compared under controlled conditions as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hyperaccumulation of lead and zinc by two metallophytes from mining areas of Central Europe
R.D. Reeves,R.R. Brooks +1 more
TL;DR: The existence of non-tolerant taxa very similar to these two metallophytes and growing on non-contaminated ground in the same general area, leads to the conclusion that colonisation of these mine wastes may be a neo-endemic process.
Book ChapterDOI
Hyperaccumulation of trace elements by plants
TL;DR: In the last 150 years, data have been accumulating about the inorganic composition and nutritional needs of many thousands of plant species as discussed by the authors, but most of this work was focused on crops of importance to animals and mankind, and was limited by available analytical techniques to the study of major elements, such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic variation in heavy metal accumulation in angiosperms
Martin R. Broadley,Neil Willey,Janine C. Wilkins,Alan J. M. Baker,Andrew Mead,Philip J. White +5 more
TL;DR: The influence of phylogeny on shoot heavy metal content in plants was investigated and the hypothesis tested that traits impacting on the accumulation of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in plant shoots are associated.