Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Clifford R. Jack,David S. Knopman,William J. Jagust,Leslie M. Shaw,Paul S. Aisen,Michael W. Weiner,Ronald C. Petersen,John Q. Trojanowski +7 more
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TLDR
This work proposes a model that relates disease stage to AD biomarkers in which Abeta biomarkers become abnormal first, before neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive symptoms, and neurodegnerative biomarker become abnormal later, and correlate with clinical symptom severity.Abstract:
Summary Currently available evidence strongly supports the position that the initiating event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to abnormal processing of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, ultimately leading to formation of Aβ plaques in the brain. This process occurs while individuals are still cognitively normal. Biomarkers of brain β-amyloidosis are reductions in CSF Aβ 42 and increased amyloid PET tracer retention. After a lag period, which varies from patient to patient, neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration become the dominant pathological processes. Biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration are increased CSF tau and structural MRI measures of cerebral atrophy. Neurodegeneration is accompanied by synaptic dysfunction, which is indicated by decreased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET. We propose a model that relates disease stage to AD biomarkers in which Aβ biomarkers become abnormal first, before neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive symptoms, and neurodegenerative biomarkers become abnormal later, and correlate with clinical symptom severity.read more
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Obesity and Aging: Consequences for Cognition, Brain Structure, and Brain Function.
Gérard N. Bischof,Denise C. Park +1 more
TL;DR: It is clear that obesity negatively affects cognition, and more work is needed to better understand how aging plays a role and how brain structure and brain function might mediate the relationship of obesity and age on cognition.
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MRI hippocampal and entorhinal cortex mapping in predicting conversion to Alzheimer's disease
Davangere P. Devanand,Ravi Bansal,Jun Liu,Xuejun Hao,Gnanavalli Pradhaban,Bradley S. Peterson +5 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate selective early involvement of the CA1 and subiculum regions of the hippocampus in the hippocampus and provide new information on early anterior pole involvement in the entorhinal cortex in incipient AD.
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Injury markers predict time to dementia in subjects with MCI and amyloid pathology.
Ineke van Rossum,Stephanie J.B. Vos,Leah Burns,Dirk L. Knol,Philip Scheltens,Hilkka Soininen,Lars-Olof Wahlund,Harald Hampel,Magda Tsolaki,Lennart Minthon,Gilbert L'Italien,Wiesje M. van der Flier,Charlotte E. Teunissen,Kaj Blennow,Frederik Barkhof,Daniel Rueckert,Robin Wolz,Frans R.J. Verhey,Pieter Jelle Visser +18 more
TL;DR: In subjects with MCI and evidence of amyloid pathology, the injury markers CSF t-tau and p-t Tau and hippocampal atrophy can predict further cognitive decline.
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The aging brain and cognition: contribution of vascular injury and aβ to mild cognitive dysfunction
Natalie L. Marchant,Bruce R Reed,Nerses Sanossian,Cindee Madison,Stephen Kriger,Roxana Dhada,Wendy J. Mack,Charles DeCarli,Michael W. Weiner,Dan M Mungas,Helena C. Chui,William J. Jagust +11 more
TL;DR: VBI was more influential than Aβ in contemporaneous cognitive function and remained predictive after including the possible influence of Aβ, and the impact of cerebrovascular disease should be considered with respect to defining the etiology of mild cognitive impairment.
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Reversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition: A Meta-Analysis.
TL;DR: Contin improvement in diagnostic and classification methodologies may help in more accurately identifying aMCI cases which are less likely to revert to normal cognition.
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