Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Clifford R. Jack,David S. Knopman,William J. Jagust,Leslie M. Shaw,Paul S. Aisen,Michael W. Weiner,Ronald C. Petersen,John Q. Trojanowski +7 more
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This work proposes a model that relates disease stage to AD biomarkers in which Abeta biomarkers become abnormal first, before neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive symptoms, and neurodegnerative biomarker become abnormal later, and correlate with clinical symptom severity.Abstract:
Summary Currently available evidence strongly supports the position that the initiating event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to abnormal processing of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, ultimately leading to formation of Aβ plaques in the brain. This process occurs while individuals are still cognitively normal. Biomarkers of brain β-amyloidosis are reductions in CSF Aβ 42 and increased amyloid PET tracer retention. After a lag period, which varies from patient to patient, neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration become the dominant pathological processes. Biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration are increased CSF tau and structural MRI measures of cerebral atrophy. Neurodegeneration is accompanied by synaptic dysfunction, which is indicated by decreased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET. We propose a model that relates disease stage to AD biomarkers in which Aβ biomarkers become abnormal first, before neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive symptoms, and neurodegenerative biomarkers become abnormal later, and correlate with clinical symptom severity.read more
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Brain network alterations in Alzheimer's disease measured by eigenvector centrality in fMRI are related to cognition and CSF biomarkers.
Maja Binnewijzend,Sofie Adriaanse,Wiesje M. van der Flier,Charlotte E. Teunissen,Jan C. de Munck,Cornelis J. Stam,Philip Scheltens,Bart N.M. van Berckel,Frederik Barkhof,Alle Meije Wink +9 more
TL;DR: The main finding is that ECM, a hypothesis‐free and computationally efficient analysis method of functional MRI (fMRI) data, identifies changes in brain network organization in AD patients that are related to cognition and underlying AD pathology.
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Prediabetes and diabetes accelerate cognitive decline and predict microvascular lesions: A population-based cohort study.
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Alzheimer’s disease due to loss of function: A new synthesis of the available data
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Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in clinical trials: a systematic review
TL;DR: Defining a uniform approach to MCI classification, or indeed for any classification concept within the field of dementia, should be a priority if further trials are to be undertaken in the older aged population based on these concepts.
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Elevation of brain magnesium prevents synaptic loss and reverses cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Wei Li,Jia Yu,Yong Liu,Xiaojie Huang,Nashat Abumaria,Ying Zhu,Xian Huang,Wenxiang Xiong,Chi Ren,Xian-Guo Liu,Dehua Chui,Guosong Liu +11 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that elevation of brain magnesium exerts substantial synaptoprotective effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, and hence it might have therapeutic potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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