IkappaB kinase complexes: gateways to NF-kappaB activation and transcription.
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Nuclear IKK components have been found to act directly at the chromatin level of induced genes and to mediate responses to DNA damage, and IKK is engaged in cross talk with other pathways and confers functions independently of NF-κB.Abstract:
Transcription factors of the NF-kappaB family regulate hundreds of genes in the context of multiple important physiological and pathological processes. NF-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation-induced proteolysis of inhibitory IkappaB molecules and NF-kappaB precursors by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Most of the diverse signaling pathways that activate NF-kappaB converge on IkappaB kinases (IKK), which are essential for signal transmission. Many important details of the composition, regulation and biological function of IKK have been revealed in the last years. This review summarizes current aspects of structure and function of the regular stoichiometric components, the regulatory transient protein interactions of IKK and the mechanisms that contribute to its activation, deactivation and homeostasis. Both phosphorylation and ubiquitinatin (destructive as well as non-destructive) are crucial post-translational events in these processes. In addition to controlling induced IkappaB degradation in the cytoplasm and processing of the NF-kappaB precursor p100, nuclear IKK components have been found to act directly at the chromatin level of induced genes and to mediate responses to DNA damage. Finally, IKK is engaged in cross talk with other pathways and confers functions independently of NF-kappaB.read more
Citations
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Shared principles in NF-kappaB signaling
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Introduction to NF-kappaB: players, pathways, perspectives.
TL;DR: An overview of the discovery and current status of NF-κB as a research topic is provided and the organization and focus of articles included in the following reviews are described, as well as likely future areas of research interest on NF-σB.
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Crosstalk in NF-κB signaling pathways
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References
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TL;DR: An overview of established NF-kappaB signaling pathways is provided with focus on the current state of research into the mechanisms that regulate IKK activation and NF- kappaB transcriptional activity.
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Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle
Sankar Ghosh,Michael Karin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent progress as well as unanswered questions regarding the regulation and function of NF-kappaB and IKK is presented, focusing on recent progress and unanswered questions.
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