INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANETS HD 209458b AND XO-1b USING THE WIDE FIELD CAMERA-3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
Drake Deming,Drake Deming,A. Wilkins,Peter R. McCullough,Adam Burrows,Jonathan J. Fortney,Eric Agol,Eric Agol,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Nikku Madhusudhan,Nicolas Crouzet,Jean-Michel Desert,Ronald L. Gilliland,Korey Haynes,Korey Haynes,Heather Knutson,Michael R. Line,Zazralt Magic,Avi Mandell,Sukrit Ranjan,David Charbonneau,Mark Clampin,Sara Seager,Adam P. Showman +24 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reported WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency.Abstract:
Exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS is currently ambiguous because different observational groups claim different results from the same data, depending on their analysis methodologies. Spatial scanning with HST/WFC3 provides an opportunity to resolve this ambiguity. We here report WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency. We introduce an analysis technique that derives the exoplanetary transmission spectrum without the necessity of explicitly decorrelating instrumental effects, and achieves nearly photon-limited precision even at the high flux levels collected in spatial scan mode. Our errors are within 6% (XO-1) and 26% (HD 209458b) of the photon-limit at a resolving power of λ/δλ ~ 70, and are better than 0.01% per spectral channel. Both planets exhibit water absorption of approximately 200 ppm at the water peak near 1.38 μm. Our result for XO-1b contradicts the much larger absorption derived from NICMOS spectroscopy. The weak water absorption we measure for HD 209458b is reminiscent of the weakness of sodium absorption in the first transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet atmosphere by Charbonneau et al. Model atmospheres having uniformly distributed extra opacity of 0.012 cm2 g−1 account approximately for both our water measurement and the sodium absorption. Our results for HD 209458b support the picture advocated by Pont et al. in which weak molecular absorptions are superposed on a transmission spectrum that is dominated by continuous opacity due to haze and/or dust. However, the extra opacity needed for HD 209458b is grayer than for HD 189733b, with a weaker Rayleigh component.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Inferring asymmetric limb cloudiness on exoplanets from transit light curves
P. von Paris,P. von Paris,Pierre Gratier,Pierre Gratier,Pascal Borde,Pascal Borde,Jérémy Leconte,Jérémy Leconte,Franck Selsis,Franck Selsis +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply a model of asymmetric transits to the light curves of HAT-P-7b, Kepler-7B and HD209458b and search for possible cloud signatures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric Characterization via Broadband Color Filters on the PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) Mission
John Lee Grenfell,Mareike Godolt,Juan Cabrera,Ludmila Carone,Antonio García Muñoz,Daniel Kitzmann,Alexis M. S. Smith,Heike Rauer +7 more
Abstract: We assess broadband color filters for the two fast cameras on the PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) space mission with respect to exoplanetary atmospheric characterization. We focus on Ultra Hot Jupiters and Hot Jupiters placed 25pc and 100pc away from the Earth and warm Super-Earths placed 10pc and 25pc away. Our analysis takes as input literature values for the difference in transit depth between the broadband lower (500-675 nm) wavelength interval (hereafter referred to as” blue“) and the upper (675-1125nm) broadband wavelength interval (hereafter referred to as” red“) for transmission, occultation and phase curve analyses. Planets orbiting main sequence central stars with stellar classes F, G, K and M are investigated. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to photon and instrument noise for detecting the difference in transit depth between the two spectral intervals. Results suggest that bulk atmospheric composition and planetary geometric albedos could be detected for (Ultra) Hot Jupiters up to ~ 100pc (~25pc) with strong (moderate) Rayleigh extinction. Phase curve information could be extracted for Ultra Hot Jupiters orbiting K and G dwarf stars up to 25pc away. For warm Super-Earths, basic atmospheric types (primary and water-dominated) and the presence of sub-micron hazes in the upper atmosphere could be distinguished for up to a handful of cases up to ~ 10pc.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signs of strong Na and K absorption in the transmission spectrum of WASP-103b
Monika Lendl,Monika Lendl,Patricio E. Cubillos,Janis Hagelberg,Janis Hagelberg,André Müller,I. Juvan,Luca Fossati +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an optical 550 - 960 nm transmission spectrum of the extremely irradiated hot Jupiter WASP-103b, one of the hottest (2500 K) and most massive (1.5 $M_J$) planets yet to be studied with this technique.
Journal ArticleDOI
JWST Transit Spectra I: Exploring Potential Biases and Opportunities in Retrievals of Tidally-locked Hot Jupiters with Clouds and Hazes
Brianna Lacy,Adam Burrows +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the combined effects of aerosols and day-night temperature gradients shape transit spectra of exoplanets when full 3D structures are taken into account and evaluate the implications for retrievals of atmospheric properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical properties and optical-infrared transmission spectrum of the giant planet XO-1 b
John Southworth,J. Tregloan-Reed,J. Tregloan-Reed,Arazi Pinhas,Nikku Madhusudhan,Luigi Mancini,Luigi Mancini,Luigi Mancini,Alexis M. S. Smith +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present ten high-precision light curves of four transits in the XO-1 planetary system, obtained using $u$, $g, $r, $ r, redshifted H$\alpha, $I$ and $z$ filters.
References
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Kaisey S. Mandel,Eric Agol +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, exact analytic formulae for the eclipse of a star described by quadratic or nonlinear limb darkening are presented for the HST observations of HD 209458, showing that the ratio of the planetary to stellar radii is 0.1207+-0.0003.
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