INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANETS HD 209458b AND XO-1b USING THE WIDE FIELD CAMERA-3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
Drake Deming,Drake Deming,A. Wilkins,Peter R. McCullough,Adam Burrows,Jonathan J. Fortney,Eric Agol,Eric Agol,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Nikku Madhusudhan,Nicolas Crouzet,Jean-Michel Desert,Ronald L. Gilliland,Korey Haynes,Korey Haynes,Heather Knutson,Michael R. Line,Zazralt Magic,Avi Mandell,Sukrit Ranjan,David Charbonneau,Mark Clampin,Sara Seager,Adam P. Showman +24 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reported WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency.Abstract:
Exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS is currently ambiguous because different observational groups claim different results from the same data, depending on their analysis methodologies. Spatial scanning with HST/WFC3 provides an opportunity to resolve this ambiguity. We here report WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency. We introduce an analysis technique that derives the exoplanetary transmission spectrum without the necessity of explicitly decorrelating instrumental effects, and achieves nearly photon-limited precision even at the high flux levels collected in spatial scan mode. Our errors are within 6% (XO-1) and 26% (HD 209458b) of the photon-limit at a resolving power of λ/δλ ~ 70, and are better than 0.01% per spectral channel. Both planets exhibit water absorption of approximately 200 ppm at the water peak near 1.38 μm. Our result for XO-1b contradicts the much larger absorption derived from NICMOS spectroscopy. The weak water absorption we measure for HD 209458b is reminiscent of the weakness of sodium absorption in the first transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet atmosphere by Charbonneau et al. Model atmospheres having uniformly distributed extra opacity of 0.012 cm2 g−1 account approximately for both our water measurement and the sodium absorption. Our results for HD 209458b support the picture advocated by Pont et al. in which weak molecular absorptions are superposed on a transmission spectrum that is dominated by continuous opacity due to haze and/or dust. However, the extra opacity needed for HD 209458b is grayer than for HD 189733b, with a weaker Rayleigh component.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program for JWST
Jacob L. Bean,Kevin B. Stevenson,Natalie M. Batalha,Zachory K. Berta-Thompson,Laura Kreidberg,Nicolas Crouzet,Björn Benneke,Michael R. Line,David K. Sing,Hannah R. Wakeford,Heather A. Knutson,Eliza M.-R. Kempton,Jean-Michel Desert,Ian J. M. Crossfield,Natasha E. Batalha,Julien de Wit,Vivien Parmentier,Joseph Harrington,Julianne I. Moses,Mercedes Lopez-Morales,Munazza K. Alam,Jasmina Blecic,Giovanni Bruno,Aarynn L. Carter,John W. Chapman,Leen Decin,Diana Dragomir,Thomas M. Evans,Jonathan J. Fortney,Jonathan Fraine,Peter Gao,Antonio García Muñoz,Neale P. Gibson,Jayesh M. Goyal,Kevin Heng,Renyu Hu,Sarah Kendrew,Brian M. Kilpatrick,Jessica Krick,Pierre-Olivier Lagage,Monika Lendl,Tom Louden,Nikku Madhusudhan,Avi Mandell,Megan Mansfield,E. M. May,Giuseppe Morello,Caroline V. Morley,Nikolay Nikolov,Seth Redfield,Jessica E. Roberts,Everett Schlawin,Jessica Spake,Kamen O. Todorov,Angelos Tsiaras,Olivia Venot,William Waalkes,Peter J. Wheatley,Robert T. Zellem,Daniel Angerhausen,David Barrado,Ludmila Carone,Sarah L. Casewell,Patricio Cubillos,Mario Damiano,Miguel de Val-Borro,Benjamin Drummond,Billy Edwards,Michael Endl,Néstor Espinoza,John E. Gizis,Thomas P. Greene,Thomas Henning,Yucian Hong,James G. Ingalls,Nicolas Iro,Patrick G. J. Irwin,Tiffany Kataria,Fred Lahuis,Jérémy Leconte,Jorge Lillo-Box,Stefan Lines,Joshua D. Lothringer,Luigi Mancini,Franck Marchis,Nathan J. Mayne,Enric Palle,Emily Rauscher,Gael M. Roudier,Evgenya L. Shkolnik,John Southworth,Mark R. Swain,Jake Taylor,Johanna Teske,Giovanna Tinetti,Pascal Tremblin,Gregory S. Tucker,Roy van Boekel,Ingo Waldmann,Ian C. Weaver,Tiziano Zingales +100 more
TL;DR: The Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science (ERS) Program as mentioned in this paper is a recently approved program for transiting exoplanet observations early in Cycle 1 of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for a Large Exomoon Orbiting Kepler-1625b
Alex Teachey,David M. Kipping +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present new observations of a candidate exomoon associated with Kepler-1625b using the Hubble Space Telescope to validate or refute the moon's presence.
Journal ArticleDOI
JWST Noise Floor I: Random Error Sources in JWST NIRCam Time Series
Everett Schlawin,Jarron Leisenring,Karl Misselt,Thomas P. Greene,Michael W. McElwain,Thomas G. Beatty,Marcia J. Rieke +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide estimates of the random noise sources affecting JWST NIRCam time-series data on the integration-to-integration level, and find that 1/f noise can limit the precision of grism time series for two groups (230 ppm to 1000 ppm depending on the extraction method and extraction parameters), but will average down like the square root of N frames/reads.
Journal ArticleDOI
The atmosphere of HD 209458b seen with ESPRESSO. No detectable planetary absorptions at high resolution
N. Casasayas-Barris,Enric Palle,M. Stangret,Vincent Bourrier,Hugo M. Tabernero,Fei Yan,Francesco Borsa,Romain Allart,M. R. Zapatero Osorio,C. Lovis,S. G. Sousa,Gang Chen,Mahmoudreza Oshagh,Nuno C. Santos,Francesco Pepe,Rafael Rebolo,Paolo Molaro,S. Cristiani,Vardan Adibekyan,Yann Alibert,C. Allende Prieto,François Bouchy,O. D. S. Demangeon,P. Di Marcantonio,V. D Odorico,David Ehrenreich,P. Figueira,R. Génova Santos,J. I. González Hernández,B. Lavie,J. Lillo-Box,G. Lo Curto,Cristina Martins,Andrea Mehner,Giuseppina Micela,Nelson J. Nunes,E. Poretti,Alessandro Sozzetti,A. Suárez Mascareño,Stéphane Udry +39 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors observed two transits of the iconic gas giant HD 209458b between 380 and 780 nm, using the high-resolution ESPRESSO spectrograph.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of Jupiter
TL;DR: It is shown, based on observations from the NASA spacecraft Voyager and Cassini, that gases alone cannot maintain the global energy balance in the middle atmosphere of Jupiter, and a thick aerosol layer consisting of fluffy, fractal aggregate particles dominates the stratospheric radiative heating at middle and high latitudes.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
Kaisey S. Mandel,Eric Agol +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, exact analytic formulae for the eclipse of a star described by quadratic or nonlinear limb darkening are presented for the HST observations of HD 209458, showing that the ratio of the planetary to stellar radii is 0.1207+-0.0003.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analytic Light Curves for Planetary Transit Searches
Kaisey S. Mandel,Eric Agol +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the exact analytic formulae for the eclipse of a star described by quadratic or nonlinear limb darkening were presented, and the authors applied these results to the Hubble Space Telescope observations of HD 209458, showing that the ratio of the planetary to stellar radii is 0.1207 ± 0.0003.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of Planetary Transits Across a Sun-like Star.
TL;DR: High-precision, high-cadence photometric measurements of the star HD 209458 are reported, which is known from radial velocity measurements to have a planetary-mass companion in a close orbit and the detailed shape of the transit curve due to both the limb darkening of thestar and the finite size of the planet is clearly evident.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere
TL;DR: In this paper, high-precision spectrophotometric observations of four planetary transits of HD 209458, in the region of the sodium resonance doublet at 589.3 nm, were reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gravity and limb-darkening coefficients for the Kepler, CoRoT, Spitzer, uvby, UBVRIJHK, and Sloan photometric systems
A. Claret,Steven Bloemen +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a more general differential equation was used, which now takes into account local gravity variations and the effects of convection, which turn out to be very significant for cool stars.
Related Papers (5)
Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy of the Exoplanets HD209458b and XO-1b Using the Wide Field Camera-3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
Drake Deming,Ashlee Wilkins,Peter R. McCullough,Adam Burrows,Jonathan J. Fortney,Eric Agol,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Nikku Madhusudhan,Nicolas Crouzet,Jean-Michel Desert,Ronald L. Gilliland,Korey Haynes,Heather Knutson,Michael R. Line,Zazralt Magic,Avi Mandell,Sukrit Ranjan,David Charbonneau,Mark Clampin,Sara Seager,Adam P. Showman +20 more
A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion
David K. Sing,Jonathan J. Fortney,Nikolay Nikolov,Hannah R. Wakeford,Tiffany Kataria,Thomas M. Evans,Suzanne Aigrain,Gilda E. Ballester,Adam Burrows,Drake Deming,Jean-Michel Desert,Neale P. Gibson,Gregory W. Henry,Catherine M. Huitson,Heather Knutson,Alain Lecavelier des Etangs,Frederic Pont,Adam P. Showman,Alfred Vidal-Madjar,Michael H. Williamson,Paul Wilson +20 more