INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANETS HD 209458b AND XO-1b USING THE WIDE FIELD CAMERA-3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
Drake Deming,Drake Deming,A. Wilkins,Peter R. McCullough,Adam Burrows,Jonathan J. Fortney,Eric Agol,Eric Agol,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Nikku Madhusudhan,Nicolas Crouzet,Jean-Michel Desert,Ronald L. Gilliland,Korey Haynes,Korey Haynes,Heather Knutson,Michael R. Line,Zazralt Magic,Avi Mandell,Sukrit Ranjan,David Charbonneau,Mark Clampin,Sara Seager,Adam P. Showman +24 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reported WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency.Abstract:
Exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS is currently ambiguous because different observational groups claim different results from the same data, depending on their analysis methodologies. Spatial scanning with HST/WFC3 provides an opportunity to resolve this ambiguity. We here report WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency. We introduce an analysis technique that derives the exoplanetary transmission spectrum without the necessity of explicitly decorrelating instrumental effects, and achieves nearly photon-limited precision even at the high flux levels collected in spatial scan mode. Our errors are within 6% (XO-1) and 26% (HD 209458b) of the photon-limit at a resolving power of λ/δλ ~ 70, and are better than 0.01% per spectral channel. Both planets exhibit water absorption of approximately 200 ppm at the water peak near 1.38 μm. Our result for XO-1b contradicts the much larger absorption derived from NICMOS spectroscopy. The weak water absorption we measure for HD 209458b is reminiscent of the weakness of sodium absorption in the first transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet atmosphere by Charbonneau et al. Model atmospheres having uniformly distributed extra opacity of 0.012 cm2 g−1 account approximately for both our water measurement and the sodium absorption. Our results for HD 209458b support the picture advocated by Pont et al. in which weak molecular absorptions are superposed on a transmission spectrum that is dominated by continuous opacity due to haze and/or dust. However, the extra opacity needed for HD 209458b is grayer than for HD 189733b, with a weaker Rayleigh component.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Water vapour absorption in the clear atmosphere of a Neptune-sized exoplanet
Jonathan Fraine,Jonathan Fraine,Jonathan Fraine,Drake Deming,Drake Deming,Björn Benneke,Heather Knutson,Andrés Jordán,Néstor Espinoza,Nikku Madhusudhan,A. Wilkins,Kamen O. Todorov +11 more
TL;DR: Observations of the transmission spectrum of the exoplanet HAT-P-11b from the optical wavelength range to the infrared indicate that the planetary atmosphere is predominantly clear down to an altitude corresponding to about 1 millibar, and sufficiently rich in hydrogen to have a large scale height.
Journal ArticleDOI
A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL
Giovanna Tinetti,Pierre Drossart,Paul Eccleston,Paul Hartogh,A. Heske,Jérémy Leconte,Giuseppina Micela,Marc Ollivier,Göran Pilbratt,L. Puig,Diego Turrini,Bart Vandenbussche,Paulina Wolkenberg,Jean-Philippe Beaulieu,Lars A. Buchave,Martin Ferus,Matthew Joseph Griffin,Manuel Guedel,Kay Justtanont,Pierre Olivier Lagage,Pedro Machado,Giuseppe Malaguti,Michiel Min,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,M. Rataj,Tom Ray,Ignasi Ribas,Mark R. Swain,Róbert Szabó,Stephanie C. Werner,Joanna K. Barstow,Matthew R. Burleigh,James Y-K. Cho,Vincent Coudé du Foresto,Athena Coustenis,Leen Decin,Thérèse Encrenaz,Marina Galand,Michaël Gillon,Ravit Helled,Juan Carlos Morales,Antonio García Muñoz,A. Moneti,Isabella Pagano,Enzo Pascale,Giuseppe Piccioni,D. J. Pinfield,Subhajit Sarkar,Franck Selsis,Jonathan Tennyson,Amaury H. M. J. Triaud,Olivia Venot,Ingo Waldmann,David Waltham,Gillian S. Wright,Jérôme Amiaux,Jean Louis Auguères,Michel Berthé,Naidu Bezawada,Georgia Bishop,Neil Bowles,Deirdre Coffey,Josep Colomé,Martin Crook,Pierre-Elie Crouzet,Vania Da Peppo,Isabel Escudero Sanz,Mauro Focardi,Martin Frericks,T. Hunt,R. Kohley,Kevin Middleton,Gianluca Morgante,Roland Ottensamer,Emanuele Pace,Chris Pearson,R. Stamper,Kate Symonds,Miriam Rengel,Etienne Renotte,Peter A. R. Ade,Laura Affer,Christophe Alard,Nicole F. Allard,Francesca Altieri,Y. André,C. Arena,Ioannis Argyriou,Alan D. Aylward,Cristian Baccani,Gáspár Á. Bakos,Marek Banaszkiewicz,M. J. Barlow,V. Batista,Giancarlo Bellucci,Serena Benatti,Pernelle Bernardi,Bruno Bézard,M. I. Blecka,Emeline Bolmont,Bertrand Bonfond,Rosaria Bonito,Aldo S. Bonomo,John Robert Brucato,Allan Sacha Brun,Ian Bryson,Waldemar Bujwan,Sarah L. Casewell,Bejamin Charnay,Cesare Cecchi Pestellini,Guo Chen,Angela Ciaravella,Riccardo Claudi,R. Cledassou,Mario Damasso,M. Damiano,Camilla Danielski,Pieter Deroo,Anna Maria Di Giorgio,Carsten Dominik,Vanessa Doublier,Simon Doyle,René Doyon,Benjamin Drummond,Bastien Duong,Stephen Anthony Eales,Billy Edwards,M. Farina,Ettore Flaccomio,Leigh N. Fletcher,François Forget,S. J. Fossey,Markus Fränz,Yuka Fujii,A. Garcia-Piquer,Walter Kieran Gear,Hervé Geoffray,Jean-Claude Gérard,Lluis Gesa,Haley Louise Gomez,Rafal Graczyk,Caitlin A. Griffith,Denis Grodent,M. G. Guarcello,Jacques Gustin,Keiko Hamano,Peter Charles Hargrave,Yann Hello,Kevin Heng,E. Herrero,Allan Hornstrup,Benoît Hubert,Shigeru Ida,Masahiro Ikoma,N. Iro,Patrick G. J. Irwin,Christopher Jarchow,Jean Jaubert,Hugh R. A. Jones,Queyrel Julien,Shingo Kameda,Franz Kerschbaum,Pierre Kervella,Tommi Koskinen,Matthijs Krijger,Norbert Krupp,M. Lafarga,Federico Landini,Emanuel Lellouch,Giuseppe Leto,A. Luntzer,Theresa Rank-Lüftinger,Antonio Maggio,Jesus Maldonado,Jean Pierre Maillard,Urs Mall,Jean Baptiste Marquette,Stéphane Mathis,Pierre F. L. Maxted,Taro Matsuo,Alexander S. Medvedev,Yamila Miguel,Vincent Minier,Giuseppe Morello,Alessandro Mura,Norio Narita,Valerio Nascimbeni,N. Nguyen Tong,Vladimiro Noce,Fabrizio Oliva,Enric Palle,Paul Palmer,Maurizio Pancrazzi,Andreas Papageorgiou,Vivien Parmentier,Manuel Perger,A. Petralia,Stefano Pezzuto,Raymond T. Pierrehumbert,Ignazio Pillitteri,Giampaolo Piotto,Giampaolo Pisano,Loredana Prisinzano,Aikaterini Radioti,Jean Michel Reess,Ladislav Rezac,Marco Rocchetto,A. Rosich,Nicoletta Sanna,Alexandre Santerne,Giorgio Savini,Gaetano Scandariato,Bruno Sicardy,Carles Sierra,Giuseppe Sindoni,Konrad Skup,Ignas Snellen,Mateusz Sobiecki,Lauriane Soret,Alessandro Sozzetti,Arnaud Stiepen,Antoine Strugarek,Jake Taylor,William Taylor,Luca Terenzi,Marcell Tessenyi,Angelos Tsiaras,C. Tucker,Diana Valencia,Gautam Vasisht,Allona Vazan,Francesc Vilardell,Sabrine Vinatier,Serena Viti,Rens Waters,Piotr Wawer,A. Wawrzaszek,Anthony Peter Whitworth,Yuk L. Yung,Sergey N. Yurchenko,Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio,Robert T. Zellem,Tiziano Zingales,Frans Zwart +243 more
TL;DR: The ARIEL mission as mentioned in this paper was designed to observe a large number of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25-7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spectrally resolved detection of sodium in the atmosphere of HD 189733b with the HARPS spectrograph
TL;DR: In this article, the authors obtained a high-resolution transit spectrum of HD 189733b in the region around the resonance doublet of Nai at 589 nm, to characterize the absorption signature that was previously detected from space at low resolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
A framework for characterizing the atmospheres of low-mass low-density transiting planets
Jonathan J. Fortney,Christoph Mordasini,Nadine Nettelmann,Eliza M.-R. Kempton,Thomas P. Greene,Kevin Zahnle +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the role that planetary mass, composition, and temperature play in impacting the transmission spectra of low-mass low-density (LMLD) planets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Helium in the eroding atmosphere of an exoplanet
Jessica Spake,David K. Sing,David K. Sing,Thomas M. Evans,Antonija Oklopčić,Vincent Bourrier,Laura Kreidberg,Benjamin V. Rackham,Jonathan Irwin,David Ehrenreich,Aurélien Wyttenbach,Hannah R. Wakeford,Yifan Zhou,Katy L. Chubb,Nikolay Nikolov,Jayesh M. Goyal,Gregory W. Henry,Michael H. Williamson,Sarah D. Blumenthal,David R. Anderson,Coel Hellier,David Charbonneau,Stéphane Udry,Nikku Madhusudhan +23 more
TL;DR: A detection of helium absorption at 10,833 Å on the exoplanet WASP-107b reveals that its atmosphere is extended and eroding, and demonstrates a new way to study upper exoplanetary atmospheres.
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