INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANETS HD 209458b AND XO-1b USING THE WIDE FIELD CAMERA-3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
Drake Deming,Drake Deming,A. Wilkins,Peter R. McCullough,Adam Burrows,Jonathan J. Fortney,Eric Agol,Eric Agol,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Ian Dobbs-Dixon,Nikku Madhusudhan,Nicolas Crouzet,Jean-Michel Desert,Ronald L. Gilliland,Korey Haynes,Korey Haynes,Heather Knutson,Michael R. Line,Zazralt Magic,Avi Mandell,Sukrit Ranjan,David Charbonneau,Mark Clampin,Sara Seager,Adam P. Showman +24 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reported WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency.Abstract:
Exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS is currently ambiguous because different observational groups claim different results from the same data, depending on their analysis methodologies. Spatial scanning with HST/WFC3 provides an opportunity to resolve this ambiguity. We here report WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency. We introduce an analysis technique that derives the exoplanetary transmission spectrum without the necessity of explicitly decorrelating instrumental effects, and achieves nearly photon-limited precision even at the high flux levels collected in spatial scan mode. Our errors are within 6% (XO-1) and 26% (HD 209458b) of the photon-limit at a resolving power of λ/δλ ~ 70, and are better than 0.01% per spectral channel. Both planets exhibit water absorption of approximately 200 ppm at the water peak near 1.38 μm. Our result for XO-1b contradicts the much larger absorption derived from NICMOS spectroscopy. The weak water absorption we measure for HD 209458b is reminiscent of the weakness of sodium absorption in the first transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet atmosphere by Charbonneau et al. Model atmospheres having uniformly distributed extra opacity of 0.012 cm2 g−1 account approximately for both our water measurement and the sodium absorption. Our results for HD 209458b support the picture advocated by Pont et al. in which weak molecular absorptions are superposed on a transmission spectrum that is dominated by continuous opacity due to haze and/or dust. However, the extra opacity needed for HD 209458b is grayer than for HD 189733b, with a weaker Rayleigh component.read more
Citations
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Atmospheric reconnaissance of the habitable-zone Earth-sized planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1
J. de Wit,Hannah R. Wakeford,Nikole K. Lewis,Laetitia Delrez,Michaël Gillon,F. Selsis,Jérémy Leconte,Brice-Olivier Demory,E. Belmont,Vincent Bourrier,Adam J. Burgasser,Simon L. Grimm,Emmanuel Jehin,Susan M. Lederer,James E. Owen,Vlada Stamenkovic,Amaury H. M. J. Triaud +16 more
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Thomas M. Evans,David K. Sing,Hannah R. Wakeford,Nikolay Nikolov,Gilda E. Ballester,Benjamin Drummond,Tiffany Kataria,Neale P. Gibson,David S. Amundsen,David S. Amundsen,Jessica Spake +10 more
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No Thermal Inversion and a Solar Water Abundance for the Hot Jupiter HD209458b from HST WFC3 Emission Spectroscopy
Michael R. Line,Kevin B. Stevenson,Jacob L. Bean,Jean-Michel Desert,Jonathan J. Fortney,Laura Kreidberg,Nikku Madhusudhan,Adam P. Showman,Hannah Diamond-Lowe +8 more
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Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b
Björn Benneke,Ian Wong,Caroline Piaulet,Heather A. Knutson,Joshua Lothringer,Caroline V. Morley,Ian J. M. Crossfield,Peter Gao,Thomas P. Greene,Courtney D. Dressing,Diana Dragomir,Andrew W. Howard,Peter R. McCullough,Eliza M.-R. Kempton,Eliza M.-R. Kempton,Jonathan J. Fortney,Jonathan Fraine +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the detection of water vapor and the likely presence of liquid and icy water clouds in the atmosphere of the 2.6 R ⊕ habitable-zone planet K2-18b.
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Hubble Space Telescope hot Jupiter transmission spectral survey: a detection of Na and strong optical absorption in HAT-P-1b
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