Journal ArticleDOI
Lignans and isoflavonoids in plasma and prostatic fluid in men: Samples from Portugal, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom
M. S. Morton,Pui Shan Chan,Christopher H.K. Cheng,N. Blacklock,A. Matos-Ferreira,L. Abranches-Monteiro,R. Correia,S. Lloyd,Keith Griffiths +8 more
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TLDR
Chinese men have lower incidences of prostate cancer compared to men from Europe and North America, and Vegetarians have high plasma and urinary concentrations of lignans.Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Chinese men have lower incidences of prostate cancer compared to men from Europe and North America. Asians consume large quantities of soya, a rich source of isoflavanoids phyto-oestrogens and have high plasma and urinary levels of these compounds. The mammalian lignans, enterolactone and enterodiol, are another group of weak plant oestrogens and are derived from seeds, cereals and grains. Vegetarians have high plasma and urinary concentrations of lignans.
METHODS
The concentrations lignans and isoflavonic phyto-oestrogens were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in plasma and prostatic fluid from Portuguese, Chinese and British men consuming their traditional diets.
RESULTS
In prostatic fluid the mean concentrations of enterolactone wer 31, 162 and 20.3ng/ml for Hong Kong, Portugal and Britain respectively. Very high levels of enterolactone (〉600ng/ml) were observed in the prostatic fluid of some of the men fromPortugal. High concentrations of equol (3270 ng/ml) and daidzein (532 ng/ml) were found in a sample of prostatic fluid from Hong Kong. Higher mean levels of daidzein were observed in prostatic fluid from Hong Kong at 70ng/ml, compared to 4.6 and 11.3ng/ml in samples from Portugal and Britain respectively. Mean levels of daidzein were higher in the plasma samples from Hong Kong (31.3ng/ml) compared to those from Portugal (1.3ng/ml) and Britain (8.2ng/ml). In general, the mean plasma concentrations of enterolactone from the three centres were similar, at 6.2, 3.9 and 3.9ng/ml in samples from Hong Kong, Portugal and Britain respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher concentrations of the isoflavanoid phyto-oestrogens, daidzein and equol, were found in the plasma and prostatic fluid of men from Hong Kong, compared to those from Britain and Portugal. However, the levels of the lignan, enterolactone, were very much higher in prostatic fluid of Portuguese men. Isoflavanoids and lignans have many interesting properties and may, in part, be responsible for lower incidences of prostate cancer in men from Asia and also some Mediterranean countries.
The isoflavanoids from soya, which are present in high concentrations in the prostatic fluid of Asian men, may be protective against prostate disease. Prostate 32:122–128, 1997. ©1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies
TL;DR: Gallic acid and isoflavones are the most well-absorbed polyphenols, followed by catechins, flavanones, and quercetin glucosides, but with different kinetics, and the least well- absorption polyphenol are the proanthocyanidins, the galloylated tea catech ins, andThe anthocyanins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Isoflavones: Biological Effects and Relevance to Human Health
TL;DR: This review focuses on the more recent studies pertinent to this field and includes, where appropriate, the landmark and historical literature that has led to the exponential increase in interest in phytoestrogens from a clinical nutrition perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phyto-oestrogens and cancer.
TL;DR: In women, a soy-containing diet is only slightly protective against breast cancer, if at all, but is more likely to be beneficial if initiated before puberty or during adolescence, and their role in the prevention of breast, prostate, and colon cancer is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human prostate cancer risk factors.
David G. Bostwick,Harry B. Burke,Daniel Djakiew,Susan Y. Euling,Shuk-Mei Ho,Joseph R. Landolph,Howard Morrison,Babasaheb Sonawane,Tiffany Shifflett,David J. Waters,David J. Waters,Barry G. Timms +11 more
TL;DR: The authors conclude that most of the data regarding risk relies, of necessity, on epidemiologic studies, but animal and cell culture models offer promise in confirming some important findings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut bacterial metabolism of the soy isoflavone daidzein: exploring the relevance to human health.
TL;DR: The available evidence for a relationship between daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes and human health is discussed, and potential mechanisms for some of the reported relationships are suggested.
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