Journal ArticleDOI
MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study
Paolo A. Ascierto,Dirk Schadendorf,Carola Berking,Sanjiv S. Agarwala,Carla M.L. van Herpen,Paola Queirolo,Christian U. Blank,Axel Hauschild,J. Thaddeus Beck,Annie St-Pierre,Faiz Niazi,Simon Wandel,Malte Peters,Angela Zubel,Reinhard Dummer +14 more
TLDR
MEK162 is the first targeted therapy to show activity in patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma and might offer a new option for a cancer with few effective treatments.Abstract:
Summary Background Patients with melanoma harbouring Val600 BRAF mutations benefit from treatment with BRAF inhibitors. However, no targeted treatments exist for patients with BRAF wild-type tumours, including those with NRAS mutations. We aimed to assess the use of MEK162, a small-molecule MEK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with NRAS -mutated or Val600 BRAF -mutated advanced melanoma. Methods In our open-label, non-randomised, phase 2 study, we assigned patients with NRAS -mutated or BRAF -mutated advanced melanoma to one of three treatment arms on the basis of mutation status. Patients were enrolled at university hospitals or private cancer centres in Europe and the USA. The three arms were: twice-daily MEK162 45 mg for NRAS -mutated melanoma, twice-daily MEK162 45 mg for BRAF -mutated melanoma, and twice-daily MEK162 60 mg for BRAF -mutated melanoma. Previous treatment with BRAF inhibitors was permitted, but previous MEK inhibitor therapy was not allowed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had an objective response (ie, a complete response or confirmed partial response). We report data for the 45 mg groups. We assessed clinical activity in all patients who received at least one dose of MEK162 and in patients assessable for response (with two available CT scans). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01320085, and is currently recruiting additional patients with NRAS mutations (based on a protocol amendment). Findings Between March 31, 2011, and Jan 17, 2012, we enrolled 71 patients who received at least one dose of MEK162 45 mg. By Feb 29, 2012 (data cutoff), median follow-up was 3·3 months (range 0·6–8·7; IQR 2·2–5·0). No patients had a complete response. Six (20%) of 30 patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma had a partial response (three confirmed) as did eight (20%) of 41 patients with BRAF -mutated melanoma (two confirmed). The most frequent adverse events were acneiform dermatitis (18 [60%] patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma and 15 [37%] patients with the BRAF -mutated melanoma), rash (six [20%] and 16 [39%]), peripheral oedema (ten [33%] and 14 [34%]), facial oedema (nine [30%] and seven [17%]), diarrhoea (eight [27%] and 15 [37%]), and creatine phosphokinase increases (11 [37%] and nine [22%]). Increased creatine phosphokinase was the most common grade 3–4 adverse event (seven [23%] and seven [17%]). Four patients had serious adverse events (two per arm), which included diarrhoea, dehydration, acneiform dermatitis, general physical deterioration, irregular heart rate, malaise, and small intestinal perforation. No deaths occurred from treatment-related causes. Interpretation To our knowledge, MEK162 is the first targeted therapy to show activity in patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma and might offer a new option for a cancer with few effective treatments. Funding Novartis Pharmaceuticals.read more
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Molecular characterization of a selected cohort of patients affected by pulmonary metastases of malignant melanoma: Hints from BRAF, NRAS and EGFR evaluation
Alessandra Ulivieri,Giuseppe Cardillo,Liborio Manente,Gregorino Paone,Andrea Mancuso,Leonardo Vigna,Enrico Di Stasio,Rita Gasbarra,Salvatore Girlando,Alvaro Leone +9 more
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Kutane Nebenwirkungen der medikamentösen Tumortherapie mit BRAF- und MEK-Inhibitoren
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Transcriptional programming drives Ibrutinib-resistance evolution in mantle cell lymphoma
Xiaohong Zhao,Michelle Wang,Huijuan Jiang,Tint Lwin,Paul M.C. Park,Jing Gao,Mark B. Meads,Yuan Ren,Tao Li,Jiao Sun,Naima Ahmed Fahmi,Satishkumar Singh,Lalit Sehgal,Xuefeng Wang,Ariosto S. Silva,Eduardo M. Sotomayor,Kenneth H. Shain,John L. Cleveland,Michael Wang,Wei Zhang,Jun Qi,Bijal D. Shah,Jianguo Tao +22 more
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Emerging PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists for the treatment of malignant melanoma
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Improved Survival with Vemurafenib in Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation
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Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
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Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Melanoma with BRAF V600 Mutations
Keith T. Flaherty,J. R. Infante,Adil Daud,Rene Gonzalez,Richard F. Kefford,Jeffrey A. Sosman,Omid Hamid,Lynn M. Schuchter,Jonathan Cebon,Nageatte Ibrahim,Ragini Kudchadkar,Howard A. Burris,Gerald S. Falchook,Alain Algazi,Karl D. Lewis,Georgina V. Long,Igor Puzanov,Peter F. Lebowitz,Ajay Singh,Shonda M Little,Peng Sun,Alicia Allred,Daniele Ouellet,Kevin B. Kim,Kiran Patel,Jeffrey S. Weber +25 more
TL;DR: Dabrafenib and trametinib were safely combined at full monotherapy doses, and the rate of pyrexia was increased with combination therapy, whereas the rates of proliferative skin lesions was nonsignificantly reduced.
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Distinct Sets of Genetic Alterations in Melanoma
John A. Curtin,Jane Fridlyand,Toshiro Kageshita,Hetal N. Patel,Klaus J. Busam,Heinz Kutzner,Kwang Hyun Cho,Setsuya Aiba,Eva B. Bröcker,Philip E. LeBoit,Daniel Pinkel,Boris C. Bastian +11 more
TL;DR: The genetic alterations identified in melanoma at different sites and with different levels of sun exposure indicate that there are distinct genetic pathways in the development of melanoma and implicate CDK4 and CCND1 as independent oncogenes in melanomas without mutations in BRAF or N-RAS.
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