Showing papers in "Cell Reports in 2021"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in the respiratory tract in parallel with antibodies and circulating T-cells specific for various structural (nucleoprotein [NP], membrane [M], ORF3a, and spike) and non-structural (ORF7/8, NSP7, and NSP13) proteins.

TL;DR: It is found that SARS-CoV-2 replication induces a delayed interferon (IFN) response in lung epithelial cells and that IRF-3, -5, and NF-kB/p65 are the key transcription factors regulating the IFN response during Sars-Cov-2 infection.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the D614G mutation on a soluble S ectodomain construct were explored and the results elucidate SARS-CoV-2 conformational landscape and allostery and have implications for vaccine design.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate neutralization of a series of mutated spike pseudotypes based on divergence from SARS-CoV and then compare the B.1.7 spike pseudotype and individual mutations and highlight the need for effective real-time monitoring of emerging mutations and their effect on vaccine efficacy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed whether B.1.617 is more adept in entering cells and/or evades antibody responses, and they found that antibody evasion may contribute to the rapid spread of this variant.

TL;DR: It is found that the antiviral activity of Cyclosporine is targeting Cyclophilin rather than Calcineurin revealing essential host targets that have the potential for rapid clinical implementation.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed primary human lung epithelial infection models to understand initial responses of proximal and distal lung epithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors showed that ORF9b immediately accumulates and antagonizes the antiviral type I IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection on primary human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe that, with high-fat, high-sucrose-diet feeding, mature TIM4pos Kupffer cells (KCs) decrease in number, while monocyte-derived Tim4neg macrophages accumulate.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically analyzed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 proteins on interferon (IFN) responses and autophagy, and they showed that SARS co-virus 2 proteins synergize to counteract anti-viral immune responses.

TL;DR: In this paper, Gpx4-deficient Treg cells elevate generation of mitochondrial superoxide and production of interleukin-1β (IL-1α) that facilitates T helper 17 (TH17) responses.

TL;DR: In this paper, a linear epitope landscape of the Spike protein was generated by analyzing the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) response of 1,051 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with a peptide microarray.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify a quiescent COL17A1high KRT15high stem/progenitor cell population in the most basal cell layer of the esophagus and detect substantial gene expression differences between identical cell types of the human and mouse stomach.

TL;DR: In this paper, the diversity of circulating human B cells is examined using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine diversity of both antigen-specific and total B cells in healthy subjects and malaria-exposed individuals.

TL;DR: COVID-19 patients with ARDS have a state of immune imbalance in which dysregulation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses may be contributing to a more severe disease course, as demonstrated by transcriptomic profiles indicative of defective antigen presentation and interferon responsiveness in monocytes from ARDS patients.

TL;DR: In this article, the 1st and 2nd doses of BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNtech) vaccine in antigen-naive and in previously coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected individuals (NCT04743388) were compared.

TL;DR: In this paper, a convalescent individual with potent IgG neutralizing activity and characterize his antibody response was selected, and the relationship between enhancing versus neutralizing activities and antibody epitopes remains unknown.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detrimental role of ApoE4 in regulating fatty acid (FA) metabolism across neuron and astrocyte in tandem with their distinctive mitochondrial phenotypes is described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated m6A modification of the SARS-CoV-2 gene in regulating the host cell innate immune response and found that depletion of the host-cell m6a methyltransferase METTL3 decreases m6As levels in SARS and host genes, and reduction in viral RNA increases RIGI binding and subsequently enhances the downstream innate immune signaling pathway and inflammatory gene expression.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T-cell responses, soluble markers of inflammation, and antibody levels and neutralization capacity longitudinally in 70 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS CoV 2 infection.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that an increase in homocysteine (Hcy) level is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes phenotype, however, the causality between them and the underlying mechanism remain elusive.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify human H522 lung adenocarcinoma cells as naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite complete absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify and characterize ADAR1's interaction with Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), defining its role in cell death regulation and tumorigenesis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterized 198 antibodies isolated from four COVID-19+ subjects and identified 14 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, including N-terminal domain (NTD), epitope in S2, and 11 binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors select plasma from a cohort of convalescent patients with COVID-19 and selectively deplete immunoglobulin A, M or G before testing the remaining neutralizing capacity of the depleted plasma.

TL;DR: In this paper, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic interactions between CSCs and immune cells and how such heterotypic signaling maintains a tumor-promoting ecosystem and informs therapeutic strategies intercepting this co-dependency.

TL;DR: In this paper, the contribution of non-canonical translation to the proteome and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunopeptidome was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the performance of intranasal and intramuscular delivery of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a prefusion stabilized spike protein (ChAd]-SARS-CoV-2-S) in Golden Syrian hamsters.

TL;DR: In this paper, Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, particularly propionate, reduce IL-17 and IL-22 production by intestinal T-cells in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner.