Journal ArticleDOI
MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study
Paolo A. Ascierto,Dirk Schadendorf,Carola Berking,Sanjiv S. Agarwala,Carla M.L. van Herpen,Paola Queirolo,Christian U. Blank,Axel Hauschild,J. Thaddeus Beck,Annie St-Pierre,Faiz Niazi,Simon Wandel,Malte Peters,Angela Zubel,Reinhard Dummer +14 more
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TLDR
MEK162 is the first targeted therapy to show activity in patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma and might offer a new option for a cancer with few effective treatments.Abstract:
Summary Background Patients with melanoma harbouring Val600 BRAF mutations benefit from treatment with BRAF inhibitors. However, no targeted treatments exist for patients with BRAF wild-type tumours, including those with NRAS mutations. We aimed to assess the use of MEK162, a small-molecule MEK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with NRAS -mutated or Val600 BRAF -mutated advanced melanoma. Methods In our open-label, non-randomised, phase 2 study, we assigned patients with NRAS -mutated or BRAF -mutated advanced melanoma to one of three treatment arms on the basis of mutation status. Patients were enrolled at university hospitals or private cancer centres in Europe and the USA. The three arms were: twice-daily MEK162 45 mg for NRAS -mutated melanoma, twice-daily MEK162 45 mg for BRAF -mutated melanoma, and twice-daily MEK162 60 mg for BRAF -mutated melanoma. Previous treatment with BRAF inhibitors was permitted, but previous MEK inhibitor therapy was not allowed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had an objective response (ie, a complete response or confirmed partial response). We report data for the 45 mg groups. We assessed clinical activity in all patients who received at least one dose of MEK162 and in patients assessable for response (with two available CT scans). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01320085, and is currently recruiting additional patients with NRAS mutations (based on a protocol amendment). Findings Between March 31, 2011, and Jan 17, 2012, we enrolled 71 patients who received at least one dose of MEK162 45 mg. By Feb 29, 2012 (data cutoff), median follow-up was 3·3 months (range 0·6–8·7; IQR 2·2–5·0). No patients had a complete response. Six (20%) of 30 patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma had a partial response (three confirmed) as did eight (20%) of 41 patients with BRAF -mutated melanoma (two confirmed). The most frequent adverse events were acneiform dermatitis (18 [60%] patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma and 15 [37%] patients with the BRAF -mutated melanoma), rash (six [20%] and 16 [39%]), peripheral oedema (ten [33%] and 14 [34%]), facial oedema (nine [30%] and seven [17%]), diarrhoea (eight [27%] and 15 [37%]), and creatine phosphokinase increases (11 [37%] and nine [22%]). Increased creatine phosphokinase was the most common grade 3–4 adverse event (seven [23%] and seven [17%]). Four patients had serious adverse events (two per arm), which included diarrhoea, dehydration, acneiform dermatitis, general physical deterioration, irregular heart rate, malaise, and small intestinal perforation. No deaths occurred from treatment-related causes. Interpretation To our knowledge, MEK162 is the first targeted therapy to show activity in patients with NRAS -mutated melanoma and might offer a new option for a cancer with few effective treatments. Funding Novartis Pharmaceuticals.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
BRAF, NRAS, KIT, TERT, GNAQ/GNA11 mutation profile analysis of head and neck mucosal melanomas: a study of 42 cases.
Sule Ozturk Sari,Ismail Yilmaz,Orhun Cig Taskin,Gizem Narli,Fatma Sen,Senol Comoglu,Pinar Firat,Bilge Bilgic,Dilek Yilmazbayhan,Yasemin Ozluk,Nesimi Buyukbabani +10 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that BRAF, NRAS, KIT, TERT and GNAQ/GNA11 gene mutations occur at low frequencies in HNMuMs, and subgroups (oral versus sinonasal) differ in their molecular profile.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunohistochemistry as a potential tool for routine detection of the NRAS Q61R mutation in patients with metastatic melanoma
Marius Ilie,Elodie Long-Mira,Elisa Funck-Brentano,Sandra Lassalle,Catherine Butori,Virginie Lespinet-Fabre,Olivier Bordone,Katia Zahaf,Gilles Poissonnet,Jean-Philippe Lacour,Philippe Bahadoran,Robert Ballotti,Audrey Gros,Caroline Dutriaux,Philippe Saiag,Jean-Philippe Merlio,Béatrice Vergier,Jean-François Emile,Véronique Hofman,Paul Hofman +19 more
TL;DR: The NRAS (Q61R) IHC assay is reliable and specific for the evaluation of the Q61R mutation status in metastatic melanoma and may be an alternative to molecular biology in evaluation of metastatic malignant melanoma in routine practice.
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Encorafenib/binimetinib for the treatment of BRAF-mutant advanced, unresectable, or metastatic melanoma: design, development, and potential place in therapy.
TL;DR: The development of targeted therapy of melanoma up to the latest agents encorafenib and binimetinib is discussed, including mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and the latest data on treatment response.
Journal ArticleDOI
PI3K p110δ uniquely promotes gain-of-function Shp2-induced GM-CSF hypersensitivity in a model of JMML
Charles B. Goodwin,Xing Jun Li,Raghuveer Singh Mali,Gordon K. Chan,Michelle Kang,Ziyue Liu,Bart Vanhaesebroeck,Benjamin G. Neel,Mignon L. Loh,Brian Lannutti,Reuben Kapur,Rebecca J. Chan +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is also dysregulated in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a fatal childhood disease, using genetic models, and the authors demonstrate that inactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit p110δ, but not PI 3K p110α, corrects gain-of-function (GOF) Shp2-induced granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) hypers
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NRAS mutant melanoma: Towards better therapies
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an updated summary of currently available therapeutic options for NRASmut melanoma patients with a focus on combined inhibition of MAPK signaling and CDK4/6-driven cell cycle progression and mechanisms of the inevitably developing resistance to these treatments.
References
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Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.
F. Stephen Hodi,Steven J. O'Day,David F. McDermott,R. W. Weber,Jeffrey A. Sosman,John B. A. G. Haanen,Rene Gonzalez,Caroline Robert,Dirk Schadendorf,Jessica C. Hassel,Wallace Akerley,Alfons J.M. van den Eertwegh,Jose Lutzky,Paul Lorigan,Julia Vaubel,Gerald P. Linette,David W. Hogg,Christian H. Ottensmeier,Céleste Lebbé,Christian Peschel,Ian Quirt,Joseph I. Clark,Jedd D. Wolchok,Jeffrey S. Weber,Jason Tian,Michael Yellin,Geoffrey M. Nichol,Axel Hoos,Walter J. Urba +28 more
TL;DR: Ipilimumab, with or without a gp100 peptide vaccine, as compared with gp100 alone, improved overall survival in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma.
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Improved Survival with Vemurafenib in Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation
Paul B. Chapman,Axel Hauschild,Caroline Robert,John B. A. G. Haanen,Paolo A. Ascierto,James Larkin,Reinhard Dummer,Claus Garbe,Alessandro Testori,Michele Maio,David W. Hogg,Paul Lorigan,Céleste Lebbé,Thomas Jouary,Dirk Schadendorf,Antoni Ribas,Jeffrey A. Sosman,John M. Kirkwood,Brigitte Dréno,K. B. Nolop,Jiang Li,B. Nelson,Jeannie Hou,Richard J. Lee,Keith T. Flaherty,Grant A. McArthur +25 more
TL;DR: Vemurafenib produced improved rates of overall and progression-free survival in patients with previously untreated melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation in a phase 3 randomized clinical trial.
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Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Axel Hauschild,Jean-Jacques Grob,Lev V. Demidov,Thomas Jouary,Ralf Gutzmer,Michael Millward,Piotr Rutkowski,Christian U. Blank,Wilson H. Miller,Eckhart Kaempgen,Salvador Martín-Algarra,Boguslawa Karaszewska,Cornelia Mauch,Vanna Chiarion-Sileni,Anne-Marie Martin,Suzanne Swann,Patricia Haney,Beloo Mirakhur,Mary E. Guckert,Vicki L. Goodman,Paul B. Chapman +20 more
TL;DR: Dabrafenib significantly improved progression-free survival compared with dacarbazine, and skin-related toxic effects, fever, fatigue, arthralgia, and headache were uncommon in both groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Melanoma with BRAF V600 Mutations
Keith T. Flaherty,J. R. Infante,Adil Daud,Rene Gonzalez,Richard F. Kefford,Jeffrey A. Sosman,Omid Hamid,Lynn M. Schuchter,Jonathan Cebon,Nageatte Ibrahim,Ragini Kudchadkar,Howard A. Burris,Gerald S. Falchook,Alain Algazi,Karl D. Lewis,Georgina V. Long,Igor Puzanov,Peter F. Lebowitz,Ajay Singh,Shonda M Little,Peng Sun,Alicia Allred,Daniele Ouellet,Kevin B. Kim,Kiran Patel,Jeffrey S. Weber +25 more
TL;DR: Dabrafenib and trametinib were safely combined at full monotherapy doses, and the rate of pyrexia was increased with combination therapy, whereas the rates of proliferative skin lesions was nonsignificantly reduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distinct Sets of Genetic Alterations in Melanoma
John A. Curtin,Jane Fridlyand,Toshiro Kageshita,Hetal N. Patel,Klaus J. Busam,Heinz Kutzner,Kwang Hyun Cho,Setsuya Aiba,Eva B. Bröcker,Philip E. LeBoit,Daniel Pinkel,Boris C. Bastian +11 more
TL;DR: The genetic alterations identified in melanoma at different sites and with different levels of sun exposure indicate that there are distinct genetic pathways in the development of melanoma and implicate CDK4 and CCND1 as independent oncogenes in melanomas without mutations in BRAF or N-RAS.
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