MET amplification occurs with or without T790M mutations in EGFR mutant lung tumors with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib
Jonathan F. Bean,Cameron Brennan,Jin-Yuan Shih,Gregory J. Riely,Gregory J. Riely,Agnes Viale,Lu Wang,Dhananjay Chitale,Noriko Motoi,Noriko Motoi,Janos Szoke,Stephen Broderick,Marissa Balak,Wen Cheng Chang,Chong-Jen Yu,Adi F. Gazdar,Harvey I. Pass,Valerie W. Rusch,William L. Gerald,Shiu Feng Huang,Pan-Chyr Yang,Vincent Miller,Vincent Miller,Marc Ladanyi,Chih-Hsin Yang,William Pao,William Pao +26 more
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TLDR
Analysis of tumor samples from multiple independent patient cohorts and array-based comparative genomic hybridization suggest that MET amplification occurs independently of EGFRT790M mutations and that MET may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target for some patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib.Abstract:
In human lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutations, a second-site point mutation that substitutes methionine for threonine at position 790 (T790M) is associated with approximately half of cases of acquired resistance to the EGFR kinase inhibitors, gefitinib and erlotinib. To identify other potential mechanisms that contribute to disease progression, we used array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to compare genomic profiles of EGFR mutant tumors from untreated patients with those from patients with acquired resistance. Among three loci demonstrating recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) specific to the acquired resistance set, one contained the MET proto-oncogene. Collectively, analysis of tumor samples from multiple independent patient cohorts revealed that MET was amplified in tumors from 9 of 43 (21%) patients with acquired resistance but in only two tumors from 62 untreated patients (3%) (P = 0.007, Fisher's Exact test). Among 10 resistant tumors from the nine patients with MET amplification, 4 also harbored the EGFRT790M mutation. We also found that an existing EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell line, NCI-H820, harbors MET amplification in addition to a drug-sensitive EGFR mutation and the T790M change. Growth inhibition studies demonstrate that these cells are resistant to both erlotinib and an irreversible EGFR inhibitor (CL-387,785) but sensitive to a multikinase inhibitor (XL880) with potent activity against MET. Taken together, these data suggest that MET amplification occurs independently of EGFRT790M mutations and that MET may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target for some patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genotypic and Histological Evolution of Lung Cancers Acquiring Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors
Lecia V. Sequist,Belinda A. Waltman,Dora Dias-Santagata,Subba R. Digumarthy,Alexa B. Turke,Panos Fidias,Kristin Bergethon,Alice T. Shaw,Scott N. Gettinger,Arjola K. Cosper,Sara Akhavanfard,Rebecca S. Heist,Jennifer S. Temel,James G. Christensen,John C. Wain,Thomas J. Lynch,Kathy Vernovsky,Eugene J. Mark,Michael Lanuti,A. John Iafrate,Mari Mino-Kenudson,Jeffrey A. Engelman +21 more
TL;DR: Detailed genetic and histological analysis of 37 patients with drug-resistant non–small cell lung cancers carrying EGFR mutations provides new insights into the shifting sands of drug resistance evolution in lung cancers and suggests that serial biopsies may be essential in the quest to reverse or even prevent the development ofdrug resistance.
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Metastasis: from dissemination to organ-specific colonization
TL;DR: Striking disparities in the natural progression of different cancers raise important questions about the evolution of metastatic traits, the genetic determinants of these properties and the mechanisms that lead to the selection of metastasis cells.
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Analysis of Tumor Specimens at the Time of Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TKI Therapy in 155 Patients with EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancers
Helena A. Yu,Maria E. Arcila,Natasha Rekhtman,Camelia S. Sima,Maureen F. Zakowski,William Pao,Mark G. Kris,Vincent A. Miller,Marc Ladanyi,Gregory J. Riely +9 more
TL;DR: This is the largest series reporting mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy and identifies EGFR T790M as the most common mechanism of acquired Resistance, whereas MET amplification, HER2 amplification, and small cell histologic transformation occur less frequently.
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Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response
TL;DR: The dynamic tumour topography varies drastically even throughout the same lesion, so evaluating tumours as complete organs, and not simply as masses of transformed epithelial cells, becomes paramount.
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Molecular origins of cancer: Lung cancer
TL;DR: From the Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
References
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Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib
Thomas J. Lynch,Daphne W. Bell,Raffaella Sordella,Sarada Gurubhagavatula,Ross A. Okimoto,Brian W. Brannigan,Patricia L. Harris,Sara M. Haserlat,Jeffrey G. Supko,Frank G. Haluska,David N. Louis,David C. Christiani,Jeff Settleman,Daniel A. Haber +13 more
TL;DR: A subgroup of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have specific mutations in the EGFR gene which correlate with clinical responsiveness to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, and these mutations lead to increased growth factor signaling and confer susceptibility to the inhibitor.
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J. Guillermo Paez,Pasi A. Jänne,Pasi A. Jänne,Jeffrey C. Lee,Sean Tracy,Heidi Greulich,Heidi Greulich,Stacey Gabriel,Paula Herman,Frederic J. Kaye,Neal I. Lindeman,Titus J. Boggon,Katsuhiko Naoki,Hidefumini Sasaki,Yoshitaka Fujii,Michael J. Eck,William R. Sellers,William R. Sellers,William R. Sellers,Bruce E. Johnson,Bruce E. Johnson,Matthew Meyerson,Matthew Meyerson +22 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib, and treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitsinib causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan.
Journal ArticleDOI
MET Amplification Leads to Gefitinib Resistance in Lung Cancer by Activating ERBB3 Signaling
Jeffrey A. Engelman,Kreshnik Zejnullahu,Tetsuya Mitsudomi,Youngchul Song,Courtney Hyland,Joon Oh Park,Neal I. Lindeman,Christopher-Michael Gale,Xiaojun Zhao,James J. Christensen,Takayuki Kosaka,Alison J. Holmes,Andrew M. Rogers,Federico Cappuzzo,Tony Mok,Charles Lee,Bruce E. Johnson,Lewis C. Cantley,Pasi A. Jänne +18 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that MET amplification may promote drug resistance in other ERBB-driven cancers as well after it was found that amplification of MET causes gefitinib resistance by driving ERBB3 (HER3)–dependent activation of PI3K, a pathway thought to be specific to EGFR/ERBB family receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
EGF receptor gene mutations are common in lung cancers from “never smokers” and are associated with sensitivity of tumors to gefitinib and erlotinib
William Pao,Vincent A. Miller,Maureen F. Zakowski,Jennifer Doherty,Katerina Politi,Inderpal S. Sarkaria,Bhuvanesh Singh,Robert T. Heelan,Valerie W. Rusch,Lucinda Fulton,Elaine R. Mardis,Doris M. Kupfer,Richard K. Wilson,Mark G. Kris,Harold E. Varmus +14 more
TL;DR: Data show that adenocarcinomas from never smokers comprise a distinct subset of lung cancers, frequently containing mutations within the TK domain of EGFR that are associated with gefitinib and erlotinib sensitivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
EGFR Mutation and Resistance of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Gefitinib
Susumu Kobayashi,Titus J. Boggon,Tajhal Dayaram,Pasi A. Jänne,Olivier Kocher,Matthew Meyerson,Bruce E. Johnson,Michael J. Eck,Daniel G. Tenen,Balazs Halmos,Balazs Halmos +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the case of a patient with EGFR-mutant, gefitinib-responsive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who had a relapse after two years of complete remission.
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