MicroRNAs and epigenetics.
TLDR
The present minireview details recent discoveries involving the epigenetics–miRNA regulatory circuit, suggesting possible biological insights into gene‐regulatory mechanisms that may underlie a variety of diseases.Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise species of short noncoding RNA that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, not only regulate the expression of protein-encoding genes, but also miRNAs, such as let-7a, miR-9, miR-34a, miR-124, miR-137, miR-148 and miR-203. Conversely, another subset of miRNAs controls the expression of important epigenetic regulators, including DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases and polycomb group genes. This complicated network of feedback between miRNAs and epigenetic pathways appears to form an epigenetics-miRNA regulatory circuit, and to organize the whole gene expression profile. When this regulatory circuit is disrupted, normal physiological functions are interfered with, contributing to various disease processes. The present minireview details recent discoveries involving the epigenetics-miRNA regulatory circuit, suggesting possible biological insights into gene-regulatory mechanisms that may underlie a variety of diseases.read more
Citations
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EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Andrea C. Gore,Vesna A. Chappell,Suzanne E. Fenton,Jodi A. Flaws,Angel Nadal,Gail S. Prins,Jorma Toppari,R. T. Zoeller +7 more
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Irena Pastar,Olivera Stojadinovic,Natalie C. Yin,Horacio Ramirez,Aron G. Nusbaum,Andrew P. Sawaya,Shailee Patel,Laiqua Khalid,R. Isseroff,Marjana Tomic-Canic +9 more
TL;DR: The pivotal role of keratinocytes in epithelialization is focused on, including cellular processes and mechanisms of their regulation during re-epithelialization, and their cross talk with other cell types participating in wound healing.
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Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
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Antioxidant responses and cellular adjustments to oxidative stress.
Cristina Espinosa-Diez,Verónica Miguel,Daniela Mennerich,Thomas Kietzmann,Patricia Sánchez-Pérez,Susana Cadenas,Santiago Lamas +6 more
TL;DR: The role of crucial cellular nucleophiles, such as glutathione, and their capacity to interact with oxidants and to establish networks with other critical enzymes such as peroxiredoxins are focused on.
References
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MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function
TL;DR: Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
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The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14
TL;DR: Two small lin-4 transcripts of approximately 22 and 61 nt were identified in C. elegans and found to contain sequences complementary to a repeated sequence element in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of lin-14 mRNA, suggesting that lin- 4 regulates lin- 14 translation via an antisense RNA-RNA interaction.
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MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers
Jun Lu,Gad Getz,Eric A. Miska,Eric A. Miska,Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra,Justin Lamb,David Peck,Alejandro Sweet-Cordero,Alejandro Sweet-Cordero,Benjamin L. Ebert,Benjamin L. Ebert,Raymond H. Mak,Raymond H. Mak,Adolfo A. Ferrando,James R. Downing,Tyler Jacks,H. Robert Horvitz,H. Robert Horvitz,Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub,Todd R. Golub +20 more
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Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs.
TL;DR: It is shown that many 21- and 22-nt expressed RNAs, termed microRNAs, exist in invertebrates and vertebrates and that some of these novel RNAs are highly conserved, which suggests that sequence-specific, posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms mediated by smallRNAs are more general than previously appreciated.
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Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers
George A. Calin,Cinzia Sevignani,Calin Dan Dumitru,Terry Hyslop,Evan Noch,Sai Yendamuri,Masayoshi Shimizu,Sashi Rattan,Florencia Bullrich,Massimo Negrini,Massimo Negrini,Carlo M. Croce +11 more
TL;DR: These data provide a catalog of miR genes that may have roles in cancer and argue that the full complement of miRs in a genome may be extensively involved in cancers.