Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroinvasion by simian immunodeficiency virus coincides with increased numbers of perivascular macrophages/microglia and intrathecal immune activation
Joan H. Lane,Vito G. Sasseville,Mary O. Smith,Peter Vogel,Douglas R. Pauley,Melvyn P. Heyes,Andrew A. Lackner +6 more
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TLDR
Findings provide evidence suggesting that neuroinvasion occurs through an influx of infected monocytes which take up residence in the CNS as perivascular macrophages/microglia, as well as confirming the role of VCAM-1 expression in this event.Abstract:
During peak viremia and initial antibody response, rhesus macaques infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of SIV show distinct differences in viral load and tissue distribution. Animal...read more
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Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
TL;DR: The role of microglia in three diseases in which their activity is at least partially deleterious: HIV, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease is discussed in this article, where the authors discuss their role in protecting the central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Microglia in Central Nervous System Infections
R. Bryan Rock,Genya Gekker,Shuxian Hu,Wen S. Sheng,Maxim C.-J. Cheeran,James R. Lokensgard,Phillip K. Peterson +6 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that an enhanced understanding of microglia will yield improved therapies of central nervous system infections, since such therapies are, by and large, sorely needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The immune-mediated alteration of serotonin and glutamate: towards an integrated view of depression
Norbert Müller,Markus J. Schwarz +1 more
TL;DR: A hypothesis integrating current concepts of neurotransmission and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation with findings on immunological alterations and alterations in brain morphology in MD is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perivascular Macrophages Are the Primary Cell Type Productively Infected by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in the Brains of Macaques: Implications for the Neuropathogenesis of AIDS
Kenneth C. Williams,Sarah Corey,Susan V. Westmoreland,Doug Pauley,Heather Knight,Colin D. deBakker,Xavier Alvarez,Andrew A. Lackner +7 more
TL;DR: The biology of perivascular macrophages, including their rate of turnover and replacement by peripheral blood monocytes, may explain the timing of neuroinvasion, disappearance, and reappearance of virus in the CNS, and questions the ability of the brain to function as a reservoir for productive infection by HIV/SIV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leukocyte traffic in the central nervous system: the participants and their roles.
TL;DR: In this review the nature and function of individual cell types are discussed and the current knowledge regarding the parameters governing their entry into the CNS is examined.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy.
Scott Koenig,Howard E. Gendelman,Jan M. Orenstein,Mauro C. Dal Canto,Gholam H. Pezeshkpour,Margaret Yungbluth,Frank Janotta,Allen J. Aksamit,Malcolm A. Martin,Anthony S. Fauci +9 more
TL;DR: The identity of an important cell type that supports replication of the AIDS retrovirus in brain tissue was determined in two affected individuals and these cells were mononucleated and multinucleated macrophages that actively synthesized viral RNA and produced progeny virions in the brains of the patients.
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Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo.
TL;DR: Rat bone marrow chimeras and encephalitogenic, major histocompatability--restricted T-helper lymphocytes were used to show that a subset of endogenous CNS cells, commonly termed "perivascular microglial cells," is bone marrow-derived and are fully competent to present antigen to lymphocytes in an appropriately restricted manner.
Journal ArticleDOI
T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that when T‐lymphoblasts are introduced into the circulation they rapidly appear in the CNS tissue, and lymphocytes which have entered, exit within 1 to 2 days.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of HTLV-III from Cerebrospinal Fluid and Neural Tissues of Patients with Neurologic Syndromes Related to the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
David D. Ho,T R Rota,Robert T. Schooley,JoanC. Kaplan,J D Allan,Jerome E. Groopman,Lionel Resnick,Donna Felsenstein,C.A. Andrews,M. S. Hirsch +9 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that HTLV-III is neurotropic, is capable of causing acute meningitis, is responsible for AIDS-related chronic meneditis and dementia, and may be the cause of the spinal-cord degeneration and peripheral neuropathy in AIDS andAIDS-related complex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preferential migration of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta
TL;DR: Results suggest that rhMIP-1 cytokines preferentially recruit specific T cell subsets during the evolution of the immune response, and enhance the ability of T cells to bind to an endothelial cell monolayer.