Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal circuits of the neocortex
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
It is found that, as has long been suspected by cortical neuroanatomists, the same basic laminar and tangential organization of the excitatory neurons of the neocortex is evident wherever it has been sought.Abstract:
We explore the extent to which neocortical circuits generalize, i.e., to what extent can neocortical neurons and the circuits they form be considered as canonical? We find that, as has long been suspected by cortical neuroanatomists, the same basic laminar and tangential organization of the excitatory neurons of the neocortex is evident wherever it has been sought. Similarly, the inhibitory neurons show characteristic morphology and patterns of connections throughout the neocortex. We offer a simple model of cortical processing that is consistent with the major features of cortical circuits: The superficial layer neurons within local patches of cortex, and within areas, cooperate to explore all possible interpretations of different cortical input and cooperatively select an interpretation consistent with their various cortical and subcortical inputs.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
"Braking" the Prefrontal Cortex: The Role of Glucocorticoids and Interneurons in Stress Adaptation and Pathology
TL;DR: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives information regarding stimuli and appropriately orchestrates neurophysiological, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress, and there is mounting evidence suggesting that chronic stress may precipitate E/I imbalance as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ensembles of spiking neurons with noise support optimal probabilistic inference in a dynamically changing environment.
Robert Legenstein,Wolfgang Maass +1 more
TL;DR: The viability of this new approach towards neural coding and computation, which makes use of the inherent parallelism of generic neural circuits, is demonstrated by showing that this model can explain experimentally observed firing activity of cortical neurons for a variety of tasks that require rapid temporal integration of sensory information.
Journal ArticleDOI
Techniques and devices to restore cognition
TL;DR: While non-invasive approaches might strengthen a patient's remaining intact cognitive abilities, neurocognitive prosthetics comprised of direct brain-computer interfaces could in theory physically reconstitute and augment the substrate of cognition itself.
Journal ArticleDOI
Old Dogs Learning New Tricks: Neuroplasticity Beyond the Juvenile Period
Angeline S. Lillard,Alev Erisir +1 more
TL;DR: A selection of evidence is reviewed for this view, showing how it reflects three principles of neuroplasticity: 1) earlier and later experience-induced changes to neuroarchitecture differ in degree more so than in type; 2) the types of experiences that lead to Neuroplastic change narrow with age; and 3) differences in the amenability of neural circuitry to change result from basic differences in neuroarch Architecture and neuroenvironment in different phases of development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of Normalization Underlying Masking in Human Visual Cortex
TL;DR: The neural mechanisms of masking in humans are studied using source-imaged steady state visual evoked potentials and frequency-domain analysis over a wide range of relative stimulus strengths of test and mask stimuli to suggest that contrast normalization accomplishes multiple functional goals.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex
David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
TL;DR: This method is used to examine receptive fields of a more complex type and to make additional observations on binocular interaction and this approach is necessary in order to understand the behaviour of individual cells, but it fails to deal with the problem of the relationship of one cell to its neighbours.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distributed Hierarchical Processing in the Primate Cerebral Cortex
TL;DR: A summary of the layout of cortical areas associated with vision and with other modalities, a computerized database for storing and representing large amounts of information on connectivity patterns, and the application of these data to the analysis of hierarchical organization of the cerebral cortex are reported on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex
TL;DR: A new hierarchical model consistent with physiological data from inferotemporal cortex that accounts for this complex visual task and makes testable predictions is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuromorphic electronic systems
TL;DR: It is shown that for many problems, particularly those in which the input data are ill-conditioned and the computation can be specified in a relative manner, biological solutions are many orders of magnitude more effective than those using digital methods.
Journal ArticleDOI