Nipah virus encephalitis outbreak in Malaysia
Sai Kit Lam,Kaw Bing Chua +1 more
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The 1998 outbreak of severe febrile encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia caused by a newly emergent paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, is a good example as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Emerging infectious diseases involving zoonosis have become important global health problems. The 1998 outbreak of severe febrile encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia caused by a newly emergent paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, is a good example. This disease has the potential to spread to other countries through infected animals and can cause considerable economic loss. The clinical presentation includes segmental myoclonus, areflexia, hypertension, and tachycardia, and histologic evidence includes endothelial damage and vasculitis of the brain and other major organs. Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated the presence of discrete high-signal-intensity lesions disseminated throughout the brain. Nipah virus causes syncytial formation in Vero cells and is antigenically related to Hendra virus. The Island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus; the fruit bat) is a likely reservoir of this virus. The outbreak in Malaysia was controlled through the culling of >1 million pigs.read more
Citations
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Cross-Species Virus Transmission and the Emergence of New Epidemic Diseases
Colin R. Parrish,Edward C. Holmes,David M. Morens,Eun Chung Park,Donald S. Burke,Charles H. Calisher,Catherine A. Laughlin,Linda J. Saif,Peter Daszak +8 more
TL;DR: What is known about host switching leading to viral emergence from known examples is reviewed, considering the evolutionary mechanisms, virus-host interactions, host range barriers to infection, and processes that allow efficient host-to-host transmission in the new host population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Person-to-Person Transmission of Nipah Virus in a Bangladeshi Community
Emily S. Gurley,Joel M. Montgomery,M. Jahangir Hossain,Michael Bell,Abul Kalam al Azad,M. R. Islam,Mohammed Abdur Rahim Molla,Darin S. Carroll,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Paul A. Rota,Luis Lowe,James A. Comer,Pierre E. Rollin,Markus Czub,Markus Czub,Allen Grolla,Heinz Feldmann,Heinz Feldmann,Stephen P. Luby,Stephen P. Luby,Jennifer L. Woodward,Robert F. Breiman,Robert F. Breiman +22 more
TL;DR: Transmission of this virus highlights the need for infection control strategies for resource-poor settings and calls for increased awareness of infection control measures in these settings.
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Nipah Virus: Vaccination and Passive Protection Studies in a Hamster Model
Vanessa Guillaume,Hugues Contamin,Philippe Loth,Marie-Claude Georges-Courbot,Anabelle Lefeuvre,Philippe Marianneau,K. B. Chua,Sai Kit Lam,Robin Buckland,Vincent Deubel,T. F. Wild +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that both of the Nipah virus glycoproteins (G and F) when expressed as vaccinia virus recombinants induced an immune response in hamsters which protected against a lethal challenge by Nipahs virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nipah Virus Infection.
TL;DR: In the Malaysia-Singapore outbreak, transmission occurred primarily through contact with pigs, whereas in Bangladesh and India, it is associated with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission.
References
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Nipah Virus: A Recently Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus
Kaw Bing Chua,William J. Bellini,Paul A. Rota,Brian H. Harcourt,Azaibi Tamin,Sai Kit Lam,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Pierre E. Rollin,Sherif R. Zaki,Wun-Ju Shieh,Cynthia S. Goldsmith,Duane J. Gubler,John T. Roehrig,Bryan T. Eaton,A. R. Gould,James G. Olson,P. Daniels,Ai Ee Ling,Clarence J. Peters,Larry J. Anderson,Brian W. J. Mahy +20 more
TL;DR: Electron microscopic, serologic, and genetic studies indicate that the Nipah virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is most closely related to the recently discovered Hendra virus, and it is suggested that these two viruses are representative of a new genus within the familyparamyxviridae.
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Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia.
Kaw Bing Chua,Khean Jin Goh,Kum Thong Wong,Adeeba Kamarulzaman,Patrick S. K. Tan,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Sherif R. Zaki,George Paul,Sai Kit Lam,Chong Tin Tan +9 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that this Hendra-like virus was the cause of the outbreak of encephalitis among pig-farmers in Malaysia and Clinically and epidemiologically the infection is distinct from infection by the Hendra virus.
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Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes.
Kaw Bing Chua,Chong-Lek Koh,Poh Sim Hooi,Kong Fatt Wee,Jenn Hui Khong,Beng Hooi Chua,Yee Peng Chan,Mou Eng Lim,Sai Kit Lam +8 more
TL;DR: The isolation of Nipah virus from the Island flying-fox corroborates the serological evidence that it is one of the natural hosts of the virus.
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Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia.
J. M. Yob,A. M. Rashdi,C. J. Morrissy,B. van der Heide,Paul A. Rota,A. bin Adzhar,John R. White,Peter Daniels,Aziz Jamaluddin,Thomas G. Ksiazek +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors collected 324 bats from 14 species on peninsular Malaysia and demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies to Nipah virus were demonstrated in five species, suggesting widespread infection in bat populations in Malaysia.
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Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia.
Khean Jin Goh,Chong Tin Tan,Nee Kong Chew,Patrick S. K. Tan,Adeeba Kamarulzaman,Sazilah Ahmad Sarji,Kum Thong Wong,Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah,Kaw Bing Chua,Sai Kit Lam +9 more
TL;DR: Nipah virus causes a severe, rapidly progressive encephalitis with a high mortality rate and features that suggest involvement of the brain stem and the upper cervical spinal cord.
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Nipah Virus: A Recently Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus
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