Journal ArticleDOI
NS2 protein of influenza virus is found in purified virus and phosphorylated in infected cells
J C Richardson,Ramesh Akkina +1 more
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Analysis of purified virus by radioimmunoprecipitation with monospecific antisera to NS2 revealed its presence in the virus particle suggesting that it is a viral structural protein.Abstract:
Purified viral preparations of influenza A virus were examined for the presence of NS2 protein hitherto considered as a viral nonstructural protein that is present only in infected cells. Analysis of purified virus by radioimmunoprecipitation with monospecific antisera to NS2 revealed its presence in the virus particle suggesting that it is a viral structural protein. NS2 protein was also shown to be phosphorylated in infected cells in this study. This brings the number of influenza virus phosphoproteins to three which include NP, NS1, and NS2. These observations raise important questions about the role of NS2 in the replication of influenza virus.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pandemic Threat Posed by Avian Influenza A Viruses
TL;DR: The identification of avian viruses in humans underscores the potential of these and similar strains to produce devastating influenza outbreaks in major population centers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influenza virus NEP (NS2 protein) mediates the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins.
TL;DR: A model by which NEP acts as a protein adaptor molecule bridging viral ribonucleoproteins and the nuclear pore complex is proposed, suggesting that the Rev‐like NS2 mediates this process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influenza virus propagation is impaired by inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK signalling cascade
Stephan Pleschka,Thorsten Wolff,Christina Ehrhardt,Gerd Hobom,Oliver Planz,Ulf R. Rapp,Stephan Ludwig +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that infection of cells with influenza A virus leads to biphasic activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade, which seems to be essential for virus production and RNP export from the nucleus during the viral life cycle.
Book ChapterDOI
Swine influenza viruses a North American perspective.
Amy L. Vincent,Wenjun Ma,Wenjun Ma,Wenjun Ma,Kelly M. Lager,Bruce H. Janke,Jürgen A. Richt,Jürgen A. Richt +7 more
TL;DR: It is expected that the dynamic evolutionary changes of SIVs in North American pigs will continue, making currently available prophylactic approaches of limited use to control the spread and economic losses associated with this important swine pathogen critical.
Journal ArticleDOI
At the centre: influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins
TL;DR: This Review discusses current knowledge about vRNP trafficking within host cells and the function of these complexes in the context of the virus life cycle, highlighting how structure contributes to function and the crucial interactions with host cell pathways, as well as on the information gaps that remain.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influenza A virus M2 protein: monoclonal antibody restriction of virus growth and detection of M2 in virions.
Suzanne Zebedee,Robert A. Lamb +1 more
TL;DR: The monoclonal antibody, when included in a plaque assay overlay, considerably showed the growth of some influenza virus strains and is a specific effect for the M2 antibody as determined by an analysis of recombinants with defined genome composition and by the observation that competition by an N-terminal peptide prevents the antibody restriction of virus growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gene structure and replication of influenza virus.
TL;DR: Evidence for a Host-Cell Nuclear Requirement for primary Transcription for Primary Transcription is found and evidence for overlapping Coding Regions using Diff erent Reading Frames in Viruses is found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequence of interrupted and uninterrupted mRNAs and cloned DNA coding for the two overlapping nonstructural proteins of influenza virus.
Robert A. Lamb,Ching-Juh Lai +1 more
TL;DR: The complete sequence of cloned full-length DNA (NS DNA) derived from influenza virus gene 8, which codes for two unique polypeptides, NS1 and NS2, and the sequence of the NS2 mRNA is obtained, indicating that NS1and NS2 overlap by 70 amino acids that are translated from different reading frames.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for a ninth influenza viral polypeptide
TL;DR: The available evidence suggests that the synthesis of polypeptide 4 requires “early” protein synthesis, which is distinct from the eight defined influenza virus gene products.