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On the formation of freak waves on the surface of deep water

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TLDR
In this article, the existence of a giant breather on the surface of deep water was demonstrated by numerical simulation of the fully nonlinear water equations, which can explain the appearance of freak waves.
Abstract
Numerical simulation of the fully nonlinear water equations demonstrates the existence of giant breathers on the surface of deep water. The numerical analysis shows that this breather (or soliton of envelope) does not loose energy. The existence of such a breather can explain the appearance of freak waves.

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Citations
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Rogue waves and their generating mechanisms in different physical contexts

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of rogue waves, which is the name given by oceanographers to isolated large amplitude waves, that occur more frequently than expected for normal, Gaussian distributed, statistical events.
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Extreme waves that appear from nowhere: On the nature of rogue waves

TL;DR: In this article, a plane wave is modulated by relatively weak random waves, and it is shown that the peaks with highest amplitude of the resulting wave composition can be described in terms of exact solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrrodinger equation in the form of the collision of Akhmediev breathers.
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Roadmap on optical rogue waves and extreme events

TL;DR: The concept of optical rogue wave was introduced by Solli et al. as discussed by the authors, who defined it as "an optical pulse whose amplitude or intensity is much higher than that of the surrounding pulses".
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What makes the Peregrine soliton so special as a prototype of freak waves

TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of breathers as prototypes of freak waves is studied within the framework of the classic "focussing" nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation.
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Optical wave turbulence: Towards a unified nonequilibrium thermodynamic formulation of statistical nonlinear optics

TL;DR: In this article, a unified theoretical formulation of statistical nonlinear optics on the basis of the wave turbulence theory is presented, which provides a nonequilibrium thermodynamic description of the system of incoherent nonlinear waves.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Stability of periodic waves of finite amplitude on the surface of a deep fluid

TL;DR: In this article, the stability of steady nonlinear waves on the surface of an infinitely deep fluid with a free surface was studied. And the authors considered the problem of stability of surface waves as part of the more general problem of nonlinear wave in media with dispersion.
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Note on a Modification to the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation for Application to Deep Water Waves

TL;DR: In this paper, a significant improvement can be achieved by taking the perturbation analysis one step further O (∊ 4 ) by introducing the mean flow response to non-uniformities in the radiation stress caused by modulation of a finite amplitude wave.
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A modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation for broader bandwidth gravity waves on deep water

TL;DR: In this article, the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation of Dysthe is extended by relaxing the narrow bandwidth constraint to make it more suitable for application to a realistic ocean wave spectrum.
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Interaction between envelope solitons as a model for freak wave formations. Part I: Long time interaction

TL;DR: Clamond et al. as discussed by the authors studied numerically the long time evolution of a surface gravity wave packet, comparing a fully nonlinear model with Schrodinger-like simplified equations, and observed that the interaction between envelope solitons generates large waves.
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Higher-order modulation effects on solitary wave envelopes in deep water

TL;DR: The envelope equation of Dysthe (1979) is used to discuss higher-order modulation effects on the long-time evolution of solitary wave envelopes in deep water as discussed by the authors.
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