On the mode of gene-dosage compensation in Drosophila.
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TLDR
It is concluded that in both adults and larvae the Drosophila pseudoobscura Hsp82 gene inserted at ectopic sites in D. melanogaster is not compensated at autosomal sites or at a site in beta-heterochromatin at the base of the X chromosome and is fully compensated at euchromatic X-chromosomal sites.Abstract:
A procedure is described for determining the mode and magnitude of gene-dosage compensation of transformed genes. It involves measurement of the ratio of the activity of a gene inserted at X-linked sites to the activity of the same gene inserted at autosomal sites. Applying the procedure to the Drosophila pseudoobscura Hsp82 gene inserted at ectopic sites in D. melanogaster and taking gene activity as proportional to the amount of transcript per gene copy, we conclude that (1) in both adults and larvae the gene is not compensated at autosomal sites or at a site in β-heterochromatin at the base of the X chromosome and is fully compensated at euchromatic X-chromosomal sites; (2) inappropriate normalization is responsible for a claim that the gene is compensated at autosomal sites; and (3) the observed compensation operates mainly or entirely by heightened activity of X-linked genes in males, rather than by reduced activity in females.read more
Citations
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Dosage-dependent gene regulation in multicellular eukaryotes: implications for dosage compensation, aneuploid syndromes, and quantitative traits.
TL;DR: Because the majority of dosage-dependent regulators act negatively, this property can account for the up-regulation of genes in monosomics and hemizygous sex chromosomes to achieve dosage compensation.
Dosage compensation in Drosophila.
TL;DR: Dosage compensation in Drosophila increases the transcription of genes on the single X chromosome in males to equal that of both X chromosomes in females to provide a model for understanding the targeting and function of epigenetic chromatin-modifying complexes.
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Characterization of sequences associated with position-effect variegation at pericentric sites in Drosophila heterochromatin.
TL;DR: The results indicate that a pericentric transgene showing PEV can be associated with different types of DNA sequences, while maintaining a common association with the chromosomal protein HP1.
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Role of the male specific lethal (msl) Genes in Modifying the Effects of Sex Chromosomal Dosage in Drosophila
TL;DR: It is suggested that sequestration of the MSL proteins occurs in males to nullify on the autosomes and maintain on the X, an inverse effect produced by negatively acting dosage-dependent regulatory genes as a consequence of the evolution of the X/Y sex chromosomal system.
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Gene expression analysis of the function of the male-specific lethal complex in Drosophila.
TL;DR: The sequestration of the MSL complex to the male X may have evolved to counteract a similar effect on the autosomes and to prevent an overexpression of the X chromosome in males that would otherwise occur due to the high levels of histone acetylation.
References
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The effect of chromosomal position on the expression of the drosophila xanthine dehydrogenase gene
TL;DR: Position effects influence expression of the rosy gene quantitatively but do not detectably alter tissue specificity in isogenic D. melanogaster strains constructed by P-element-mediated gene transfer.
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Interspecific nucleotide sequence comparisons used to identify regulatory and structural features of the Drosophila hsp82 gene.
TL;DR: From the sequence comparisons, the rate of silent (synonymous) site substitution in Drosophila is estimated as 1 X 10(-8)/nucleotide site per year, similar to that for mammals.
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Sex determination and dosage compensation: Lessons from flies and worms
TL;DR: The study of sex determination and dosage compensation is providing more general lessons about different types of signaling pathways used to control alternative developmental states of cells and organisms.
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Equality for X Chromosomes
TL;DR: A subtle alteration of chromatin structure may impose this modest, but vital adjustment of the X chromosome transcription level in the Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans systems.
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Regulation of the sex-specific binding of the maleless dosage compensation protein to the male X chromosome in Drosophila
TL;DR: It is found that in females, Sxl functions to prevent mle from binding to the two X chromosomes, and the data support a model whereby the activity of the mle protein is regulated through its association with one or more of the other msl proteins.