Overcoming anoikis – pathways to anchorage-independent growth in cancer
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TLDR
A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis formation, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells.Abstract:
Anoikis (or cell-detachment-induced apoptosis) is a self-defense strategy that organisms use to eliminate 'misplaced' cells, i.e. cells that are in an inappropriate location. Occasionally, detached or misplaced cells can overcome anoikis and survive for a certain period of time in the absence of the correct signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM). If cells are able to adapt to their new environment, then they have probably become anchorage-independent, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Anoikis resistance and anchorage-independency allow tumor cells to expand and invade adjacent tissues, and to disseminate through the body, giving rise to metastasis. Thus, overcoming anoikis is a crucial step in a series of changes that a tumor cell undergoes during malignant transformation. Tumor cells have developed a variety of strategies to bypass or overcome anoikis. Some strategies consist of adaptive cellular changes that allow the cells to behave as they would in the correct environment, so that induction of anoikis is aborted. Other strategies aim to counteract the negative effects of anoikis induction by hyperactivating survival and proliferative cascades. The recently discovered processes of autophagy and entosis also highlight the contribution of these mechanisms to rendering the cells in a dormant state until they receive a signal initiated at the ECM, thereby circumventing anoikis. In all situations, the final outcome is the ability of the tumor to grow and metastasize. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis formation.read more
Citations
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Targeting tumor multicellular aggregation through IGPR-1 inhibits colon cancer growth and improves chemotherapy
N Woolf,B E Pearson,Philip A. Bondzie,Rosana D. Meyer,M Lavaei,Anna C. Belkina,Vipul C. Chitalia,Nader Rahimi +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that expression of immunoglobulin containing and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) is upregulated in human primary colon cancer, and interfering with its adhesive function inhibits multicellular aggregation and, increases cell death.
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DANGER is involved in high glucose-induced radioresistance through inhibiting DAPK-mediated anoikis in non-small cell lung cancer
TaeWoo Kwon,HyeSook Youn,Beomseok Son,Daehoon Kim,Ki Moon Seong,Sungkyun Park,Wanyeon Kim,BuHyun Youn +7 more
TL;DR: Evidence is offered that overexpression of DANGER and the subsequent inhibitory effect on DAPK kinase activity are critical responses that account for HG-induced radioresistance of NSCLC.
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Consecutive entosis stages in human substrate-dependent cultured cells.
Anastasiia S Garanina,O. P. Kisurina-Evgenieva,M. V. Erokhina,Elena A. Smirnova,Valentina M. Factor,G. E. Onishchenko +5 more
TL;DR: In substrate-dependent cultures, entosis requires microfilaments, microtubules and the Golgi complex for cell invasion, but not for internalized cell degradation, so it is demonstrated that actin filaments in the entotic as well as invading cells were crucial for entosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
EphB6 promotes anoikis by modulating EphA2 signaling
TL;DR: The findings implicate EphB6 as a negative regulator of EphA2 oncogenic signaling, which is frequently silenced in invasive and metastatic cancers, and promotes anoikis resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of MicroRNAs Regulating Anoikis Pathways and Its Therapeutic Potential
TL;DR: This review will be examining miRNAs that have been found to promote anoikis sensitivity in numerous cancer types followed by miRN as well as major signaling pathways involved in the action of the each of these miRNA to gain a better understanding on how mi RNAs regulate anoika.
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