Overcoming anoikis – pathways to anchorage-independent growth in cancer
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TLDR
A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis formation, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells.Abstract:
Anoikis (or cell-detachment-induced apoptosis) is a self-defense strategy that organisms use to eliminate 'misplaced' cells, i.e. cells that are in an inappropriate location. Occasionally, detached or misplaced cells can overcome anoikis and survive for a certain period of time in the absence of the correct signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM). If cells are able to adapt to their new environment, then they have probably become anchorage-independent, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Anoikis resistance and anchorage-independency allow tumor cells to expand and invade adjacent tissues, and to disseminate through the body, giving rise to metastasis. Thus, overcoming anoikis is a crucial step in a series of changes that a tumor cell undergoes during malignant transformation. Tumor cells have developed a variety of strategies to bypass or overcome anoikis. Some strategies consist of adaptive cellular changes that allow the cells to behave as they would in the correct environment, so that induction of anoikis is aborted. Other strategies aim to counteract the negative effects of anoikis induction by hyperactivating survival and proliferative cascades. The recently discovered processes of autophagy and entosis also highlight the contribution of these mechanisms to rendering the cells in a dormant state until they receive a signal initiated at the ECM, thereby circumventing anoikis. In all situations, the final outcome is the ability of the tumor to grow and metastasize. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis formation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anoikis‑resistant human osteosarcoma cells display significant angiogenesis by activating the Src kinase‑mediated MAPK pathway
Zi-ran Gao,Guo-Sheng Zhao,Yang-Fan Lv,Dong-bin Peng,Xue-Feng Tang,Hanxiang Song,Qiao‑Nan Guo +6 more
TL;DR: It is revealed that anoikis resistance in osteosarcoma cells increased the expression of VEGF-A and angiogenesis through the Src/JNK/ERK signaling pathways, indicating that Src may be a potential therapeutic alternative in osteOSarcomA angiogenic and metastasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
KRAS and BRAF mutations induce anoikis resistance and characteristic 3D phenotypes in Caco‑2 cells
TL;DR: 3D cultures with modified Caco-2 cells serve as a valid in vitro model for anoikis resistance and inverted polarity and the growth patterns generated from the KRAS and BRAF mutated cells in 3D cultures revealed a resemblance to the putative anoIKis-resistant subpopulations in actual carcinomas.
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Tumor Hypoxia and Circulating Tumor Cells.
Walter Tinganelli,Marco Durante +1 more
TL;DR: The results and evidence underlying the molecular mechanisms of CTCs and DTCs are collected and the effects of radiation and hypoxia in developing these cells are collected.
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Indomethacin can induce cell death in rat gastric parietal cells through alteration of some apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐associated molecules
Sahar M. Gebril,Sahar M. Gebril,Yuko Ito,Masa-Aki Shibata,Kentaro Maemura,Eman E. Abu-Dief,Mahmoud R. Hussein,Usama M. Abdelaal,Usama M. Abdelaal,Hoda M. Elsayed,Yoshinori Otsuki,Kazuhide Higuchi +11 more
TL;DR: It is reported that IND can induce time‐dependent apoptotic and autophagic cell death of PCs and this study provides the first indication of the interactions between these two homeostatic pathways in this context.
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TLE1 inhibits anoikis and promotes tumorigenicity in human lung cancer cells through ZEB1-mediated E-cadherin repression.
Xin Yao,Tri Pham,Brandi Temple,Selena Gray,Cornita Cannon,Camry Hardy,Kamari Fletcher,Shubha Kale Ireland,Ahamed Hossain,Renwei Chen,Asim B. Abdel-Mageed,Hector Biliran +11 more
TL;DR: These findings identify the ZEB1/TLE1/E-cadherin transcriptional mechanism as a novel pathway that promotes anoikis resistance and oncogenicity of lung cancer cells.
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