Oxyradicals and DNA damage
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The levels of oxidative DNA damage reported in many human tissues or in animal models of carcinogenesis exceed the levels of lesions induced by exposure to exogenous carcinogenic compounds, and it seems likely that oxidativeDNA damage is important in the etiology of many human cancers.Abstract:
A major development of carcinogenesis research in the past 20 years has been the discovery of significant levels of DNA damage arising from endogenous cellular sources. Dramatic improvements in analytical chemistry have provided sensitive and specific methodology for identification and quantitation of DNA adducts. Application of these techniques to the analysis of nuclear DNA from human tissues has debunked the notion that the human genome is pristine in the absence of exposure to environmental carcinogens. Much endogenous DNA damage arises from intermediates of oxygen reduction that either attack the bases or the deoxyribosyl backbone of DNA. Alternatively, oxygen radicals can attack other cellular components such as lipids to generate reactive intermediates that couple to DNA bases. Endogenous DNA lesions are genotoxic and induce mutations that are commonly observed in mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Their mutagenicity is mitigated by repair via base excision and nucleotide excision pathways. The levels of oxidative DNA damage reported in many human tissues or in animal models of carcinogenesis exceed the levels of lesions induced by exposure to exogenous carcinogenic compounds. Thus, it seems likely that oxidative DNA damage is important in the etiology of many human cancers. This review highlights some of the major accomplishments in the study of oxidative DNA damage and its role in carcinogenesis. It also identifies controversies that need to be resolved. Unraveling the contributions to tumorigenesis of DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources represents a major challenge for the future.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species.
TL;DR: The topic of antioxidant usage and ROS is currently receiving much attention because of studies linking the use of some antioxidants with increased mortality in primarily higher-risk populations and the lack of strong efficacy data for protection against cancer and heart disease, at least in populations with adequate baseline dietary consumption.
Journal Article
Chronic inflammation and cancer.
TL;DR: The contribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, prostaglandins, and inflammatory cytokines to carcinogenesis is discussed, which can lead to novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus
TL;DR: Chronic oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are particularly dangerous for β-cells from lowest levels of antioxidant, have high oxidative energy requirements, decrease the gene expression of key β-cell genes and induce cell death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation: gearing the journey to cancer.
TL;DR: The present article highlights the role of various proinflammatory mediators in carcinogenesis and their promise as potential targets for chemoprevention of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Major Cause of Age- Related Diseases and Cancer
TL;DR: The antioxidant defense systems, free radicals production and their role in cancer and age related diseases and also some of the recent patent relevant to the field are reviewed.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.
TL;DR: It is proposed that superoxide dismutase may protect vascular tissue stimulated to produce superoxide and NO under pathological conditions by preventing the formation of peroxynitrite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes.
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive summary on the chemical properties of 4-hydroxyalkenals and malonaldehyde, the mechanisms of their formation and their occurrence in biological systems and methods for their determination, as well as the many types of biological activities described so far.
Journal ArticleDOI
Instability and decay of the primary structure of DNA
TL;DR: The spontaneous decay of DNA is likely to be a major factor in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and ageing, and also sets limits for the recovery of DNA fragments from fossils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein Oxidation in Aging, Disease, and Oxidative Stress
Journal ArticleDOI
Insertion of specific bases during DNA synthesis past the oxidation-damaged base 8-oxodG.
TL;DR: DCMP and dAMP are incorporated selectively opposite 8-oxodG with transient inhibition of chain extension occurring 3' to the modified base, and the potentially mutagenic insertion of dAMP is targeted exclusively to the site of the lesion.