Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment
Guilherme Martins Pereira,Guilherme Martins Pereira,Kimmo Teinilä,Danilo Custódio,Danilo Custódio,Aldenor Gomes Santos,Huang Xian,Risto Hillamo,Célia Alves,Jailson B. de Andrade,Gisele O. da Rocha,Prashant Kumar,Rajasekhar Balasubramanian,Maria de Fátima Andrade,Pérola de Castro Vasconcellos,Pérola de Castro Vasconcellos +15 more
TLDR
In this article, a year-round sampling was performed at the University of Sao Paulo campus (20m) in Brazil to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, and different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources.Abstract:
. Sao Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of Sao Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM2. 5 ( ≤ 2. 5 µm) and PM10 ( ≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.read more
Citations
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Fugitive Road Dust PM2.5 Emissions and Their Potential Health Impacts.
Siyu Chen,Xiaorui Zhang,Jintai Lin,Jianping Huang,Dan Zhao,Tiangang Yuan,Kangning Huang,Yuan Luo,Zhuo Jia,Zhou Zang,Yue’an Qiu,Li Xie +11 more
TL;DR: The FRD PM2.5 emissions inventory in a major inland city in China in 2017 was constructed at high-resolution, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the FRD emissions in different urban function zones were investigated, and their health impacts were quantified.
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Impact of air pollution control measures and regional transport on carbonaceous aerosols in fine particulate matter in urban Beijing, China: insights gained from long-term measurement
Dongsheng Ji,Wenkang Gao,Willy Maenhaut,Jun He,Zhe Wang,Zhe Wang,Jiwei Li,Wupeng Du,Lili Wang,Yang Sun,Jinyuan Xin,Bo Hu,Yuesi Wang +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, hourly mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and EC associated with PM 2.5 were semi-continuously measured from March-2013 to February-2018.
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Substantial reductions in ambient PAHs pollution and lives saved as a co-benefit of effective long-term PM2.5 pollution controls.
Shaofei Kong,Shaofei Kong,Qin Yan,Huang Zheng,Haibiao Liu,Wei Wang,Shurui Zheng,Guowei Yang,Mingming Zheng,Jian Wu,Shihua Qi,Guofeng Shen,Lili Tang,Yan Yin,Tianliang Zhao,Huan Yu,Dantong Liu,Delong Zhao,Tao Zhang,Jujun Ruan,Mingzhi Huang +20 more
TL;DR: The study that firstly assessed the health effects of PAHs reduction as a co-benefit raised by air PCM sustained for a long period is believed to be applicable and referential for other mega-cities around the world for assessing the benefits of PCM.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impacts of pollution control measures on PM2.5 reduction: Insights of chemical composition, source variation and health risk
Huang Zheng,Shaofei Kong,Shaofei Kong,Qin Yan,Fangqi Wu,Yi Cheng,Shurui Zheng,Jian Wu,Guowei Yang,Mingming Zheng,Lili Tang,Yan Yin,Kui Chen,Tianliang Zhao,Dantong Liu,Shuanglin Li,Shihua Qi,Delong Zhao,Tao Zhang,Jujun Ruan,Mingzhi Huang +20 more
TL;DR: In this paper, two sampling campaigns before and after the release of pollution control measures (BPCM: Jan−Nov. 2014 and APCM: Nov. 2015−Jul. 2016) were compared.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal and spatial variability of carbonaceous species (EC; OC; WSOC and SOA) in PM2.5 aerosol over five sites of Indo-Gangetic Plain
Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik,Shubham Naresh,Deepika Bhattu,Neeraj Rastogi,André S. H. Prévôt,Sachchida Nand Tripathi +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a year-long offline study was performed at five sites of Indo-Gangetic plain to get the spatio-temporal variation in elemental carbon, organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in PM2.5 fraction.
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