Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological functions and pathobiology of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS proteins
Antonia Ratti,Emanuele Buratti +1 more
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TLDR
The aim of this review will be to provide a general overview of TDP‐43 and FUS/TLS proteins and to highlight their physiological functions.Abstract:
The multiple roles played by RNA binding proteins in neurodegeneration have become apparent following the discovery of TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. In these two diseases, the majority of patients display the presence of aggregated forms of one of these proteins in their brains. The study of their functional properties currently represents a very promising target for developing the effective therapeutic options that are still lacking. This aim, however, must be preceded by an accurate evaluation of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS biological functions, both in physiological and disease conditions. Recent findings have uncovered several aspects of RNA metabolism that can be affected by misregulation of these two proteins. Progress has also been made in starting to understand how the aggregation of these proteins occurs and spreads from cell to cell. The aim of this review will be to provide a general overview of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS proteins and to highlight their physiological functions. At present, the emerging picture is that TDP-43 and FUS/TLS control several aspects of an mRNA's life, but they can also participate in DNA repair processes and in non-coding RNA metabolism. Although their regulatory activities are similar, they regulate mainly distinct RNA targets and show different pathogenetic mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobar dementia diseases. The identification of key events in these processes represents today the best chance of finding targetable options for therapeutic approaches that might actually make a difference at the clinical level. The two major RNA Binding Proteins involved in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosisi and Frontotemporal Dementia are TDP-43 and FUST/TLS. Both proteins are involved in regulating all aspects of RNA and RNA life cycle within neurons, from transcription, processing, and transport/stability to the formation of cytoplasmic and nuclear stress granules. For this reason, the aberrant aggregation of these factors during disease can impair multiple RNA metabolic pathways and eventually lead to neuronal death/inactivation. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date perspective on what we know about this issue at the molecular level. This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Role and therapeutic potential of liquid-liquid phase separation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge on ALS-related gene products associated with a proteinopathy are reviewed and their status as LLPS proteins are discussed and the therapeutic potential of targeting LLPS for treating ALS is highlighted.
Book ChapterDOI
Mechanisms Associated with TDP-43 Neurotoxicity in ALS/FTLD
TL;DR: The discovery of TDP-43 as a major disease protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) was first made in 2006, and the significance of which is still in the early stages of exploration.
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Expression of HERV Genes as Possible Biomarker and Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
TL;DR: Human endogenous retroviruses are genetic parasites, in-between genetics and environment, and the development of animal models, and disease modulation in humans, by anti-HERV therapeutic antibody and clinical trials are in progress.
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The role of DNA damage response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
TL;DR: This review of recent studies indicating a direct link between DNA damage response and ALS highlights the need for mechanistic understanding of the role genomic instability is playing in ALS disease pathophysiology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Antioxidant Metalloenzymes and Therapeutic Strategies.
Pavlína Hemerková,Martin Vališ +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the mechanisms through which these enzymes are involved in the antioxidant response to oxidative stress and thus the pathogenesis of ALS and their potential as therapeutic targets.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Manuela Neumann,Deepak M. Sampathu,Linda K. Kwong,Adam C. Truax,Matthew Micsenyi,Thomas T. Chou,Jennifer Bruce,Theresa Schuck,Murray Grossman,Christopher M. Clark,Leo McCluskey,Bruce L. Miller,Eliezer Masliah,Ian R. A. Mackenzie,Howard Feldman,Wolfgang Feiden,Hans A. Kretzschmar,John Q. Trojanowski,Virginia M.-Y. Lee +18 more
TL;DR: It is shown that TDP-43 is the major disease protein in both frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs
Richard I. Gregory,Kai Ping Yan,Govindasamy Amuthan,Thimmalah Chendrimada,Behzad Doratotaj,Neil Cooch,Ramin Shiekhattar +6 more
TL;DR: In vivo knock-down and in vitro reconstitution studies revealed that both components of this smaller complex, termed Microprocessor, are necessary and sufficient in mediating the genesis of miRNAs from the primary miRNA transcript.
Journal ArticleDOI
TDP-43 Mutations in Familial and Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Jemeen Sreedharan,Ian P. Blair,Vineeta B. Tripathi,Xun Hu,Caroline Vance,Boris Rogelj,Steven Ackerley,Steven Ackerley,Jennifer C Durnall,Kelly L. Williams,Emanuele Buratti,Francisco E. Baralle,Jacqueline de Belleroche,J. Douglas Mitchell,P. Nigel Leigh,Ammar Al-Chalabi,Christopher C.J. Miller,Christopher C.J. Miller,Garth A. Nicholson,Garth A. Nicholson,Christopher Shaw +20 more
TL;DR: The evidence suggests a pathophysiological link between TDP-43 and ALS, and neighboring mutations in a highly conserved region of TARDBP in sporadic and familial ALS cases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations in the FUS/TLS gene on chromosome 16 cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Thomas J. Kwiatkowski,D. A. Bosco,D. A. Bosco,A. L. LeClerc,A. L. LeClerc,Eric Tamrazian,Charles R. Vanderburg,Carsten Russ,Carsten Russ,A. Davis,James M. Gilchrist,E. J. Kasarskis,Theodore L. Munsat,Paul N. Valdmanis,Guy A. Rouleau,Betsy A. Hosler,Pietro Cortelli,P. J. De Jong,Yuko Yoshinaga,Jonathan L. Haines,Margaret A. Pericak-Vance,Jianhua Yan,Nicola Ticozzi,Nicola Ticozzi,Nicola Ticozzi,Teepu Siddique,Diane McKenna-Yasek,Peter C. Sapp,Peter C. Sapp,H R Horvitz,John Landers,John Landers,Robert H. Brown,Robert H. Brown +33 more
TL;DR: Neuronal cytoplasmic protein aggregation and defective RNA metabolism thus appear to be common pathogenic mechanisms involved in ALS and possibly in other neurodegenerative disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations in FUS, an RNA Processing Protein, Cause Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 6
Caroline Vance,Boris Rogelj,Tibor Hortobágyi,Kurt J. De Vos,Agnes L. Nishimura,Jemeen Sreedharan,Xun Hu,Bradley N. Smith,Deborah Ruddy,Paul Wright,Jeban Ganesalingam,Kelly L. Williams,Vineeta B. Tripathi,Safa Al-Saraj,Ammar Al-Chalabi,P. Nigel Leigh,Ian P. Blair,Garth A. Nicholson,Garth A. Nicholson,Jackie de Belleroche,Jean-Marc Gallo,Christopher C.J. Miller,Christopher C.J. Miller,Christopher Shaw +23 more
TL;DR: A missense mutation in the gene encoding fused in sarcoma (FUS) in a British kindred, linked to ALS6, is identified, which suggests that a common mechanism may underlie motor neuron degeneration.
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