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PLAZA 4.0 : an integrative resource for functional, evolutionary and comparative plant genomics

TLDR
PLAZA 4.0 is presented, the latest iteration of the PLAZA framework, providing a large increase in newly available species, and offers access to updated and newly implemented tools and visualizations, helping users with the ever-increasing demands for complex and in-depth analyzes.
Abstract
PLAZA (https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/plaza) is a plant-oriented online resource for comparative, evolutionary and functional genomics. The PLAZA platform consists of multiple independent instances focusing on different plant clades, while also providing access to a consistent set of reference species. Each PLAZA instance contains structural and functional gene annotations, gene family data and phylogenetic trees and detailed gene colinearity information. A user-friendly web interface makes the necessary tools and visualizations accessible, specific for each data type. Here we present PLAZA 4.0, the latest iteration of the PLAZA framework. This version consists of two new instances (Dicots 4.0 and Monocots 4.0) providing a large increase in newly available species, and offers access to updated and newly implemented tools and visualizations, helping users with the ever-increasing demands for complex and in-depth analyzes. The total number of species across both instances nearly doubles from 37 species in PLAZA 3.0 to 71 species in PLAZA 4.0, with a much broader coverage of crop species (e.g. wheat, palm oil) and species of evolutionary interest (e.g. spruce, Marchantia). The new PLAZA instances can also be accessed by a programming interface through a RESTful web service, thus allowing bioinformaticians to optimally leverage the power of the PLAZA platform.

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Journal Article

Fast Tree: Computing Large Minimum-Evolution Trees with Profiles instead of a Distance Matrix

TL;DR: FastTree as mentioned in this paper uses sequence profiles of internal nodes in the tree to implement neighbor-joining and uses heuristics to quickly identify candidate joins, then uses nearest-neighbor interchanges to reduce the length of the tree.
Journal ArticleDOI

eggNOG 5.0: a hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses.

TL;DR: eggNOG as discussed by the authors is a public database of orthology relationships, gene evolutionary histories and functional annotations, with a major update of the underlying genome sets, which have been expanded to 4445 representative bacteria and 168 archaea derived from 25 038 genomes.
Journal ArticleDOI

An overview of sucrose synthases in plants.

TL;DR: The current knowledge regarding plant SuSy is summarized, including newly discovered possible developmental roles for SuSy in meristem functioning that involve sugar and hormonal signaling are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI

Phylogenetic tree building in the genomic age.

TL;DR: The principles, steps and computational tools for phylogenetic tree building are discussed, including identification of orthologous genes or proteins, multiple sequence alignment, and choice of substitution models and inference methodologies.
References
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TL;DR: A new approach to rapid sequence comparison, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), directly approximates alignments that optimize a measure of local similarity, the maximal segment pair (MSP) score.
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MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput

TL;DR: MUSCLE is a new computer program for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences that includes fast distance estimation using kmer counting, progressive alignment using a new profile function the authors call the log-expectation score, and refinement using tree-dependent restricted partitioning.
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RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies.

TL;DR: This work presents some of the most notable new features and extensions of RAxML, such as a substantial extension of substitution models and supported data types, the introduction of SSE3, AVX and AVX2 vector intrinsics, techniques for reducing the memory requirements of the code and a plethora of operations for conducting post-analyses on sets of trees.
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IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies

TL;DR: It is shown that a combination of hill-climbing approaches and a stochastic perturbation method can be time-efficiently implemented and found higher likelihoods between 62.2% and 87.1% of the studied alignments, thus efficiently exploring the tree-space.
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MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform

TL;DR: A simplified scoring system is proposed that performs well for reducing CPU time and increasing the accuracy of alignments even for sequences having large insertions or extensions as well as distantly related sequences of similar length.
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