PM source apportionment and health effects: 1. Intercomparison of source apportionment results.
Philip K. Hopke,Kazuhiko Ito,Therese F. Mar,William F. Christensen,Delbert J. Eatough,Ronald C. Henry,Eugene Kim,Francine Laden,Ramona Lall,Timothy V. Larson,Hao Liu,Lucas M. Neas,Joseph P. Pinto,Matthias Stölzel,Helen Suh,Pentti Paatero,George D. Thurston +16 more
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TLDR
Overall, although these intercomparisons suggest areas where further research is needed, they provide support the contention that PM2.5 mass source apportionment results are consistent across users and methods, and that today's sourceapportionment methods are robust enough for application to PM2-5 health effects assessments.Abstract:
During the past three decades, receptor models have been used to identify and apportion ambient concentrations to sources. A number of groups are employing these methods to provide input into air quality management planning. A workshop has explored the use of resolved source contributions in health effects models. Multiple groups have analyzed particulate composition data sets from Washington, DC and Phoenix, AZ. Similar source profiles were extracted from these data sets by the investigators using different factor analysis methods. There was good agreement among the major resolved source types. Crustal (soil), sulfate, oil, and salt were the sources that were most unambiguously identified (generally highest correlation across the sites). Traffic and vegetative burning showed considerable variability among the results with variability in the ability of the methods to partition the motor vehicle contributions between gasoline and diesel vehicles. However, if the total motor vehicle contributions are estimated, good correspondence was obtained among the results. The source impacts were especially similar across various analyses for the larger mass contributors (e.g., in Washington, secondary sulfate SE=7% and 11% for traffic; in Phoenix, secondary sulfate SE=17% and 7% for traffic). Especially important for time-series health effects assessment, the source-specific impacts were found to be highly correlated across analysis methods/researchers for the major components (e.g., mean analysis to analysis correlation, r>0.9 for traffic and secondary sulfates in Phoenix and for traffic and secondary nitrates in Washington. The sulfate mean r value is >0.75 in Washington.). Overall, although these intercomparisons suggest areas where further research is needed (e.g., better division of traffic emissions between diesel and gasoline vehicles), they provide support the contention that PM2.5 mass source apportionment results are consistent across users and methods, and that today's source apportionment methods are robust enough for application to PM2.5 health effects assessments.read more
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Source apportionment of particulate matter in Europe: A review of methods and results
Mar Viana,Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch,Xavier Querol,Andrés Alastuey,Roy M. Harrison,Philip K. Hopke,Wilfried Winiwarter,M Vallius,Sönke Szidat,André S. H. Prévôt,Christoph Hueglin,H Bloemen,Peter Wåhlin,Roberta Vecchi,Ana Isabel Miranda,Anne Kasper-Giebl,Willy Maenhaut,Regina Hitzenberger +17 more
TL;DR: A review of the most commonly used SA methods in Europe, their comparability and results, and to evaluate current trends and identify possible gaps of the methods and future research directions is presented in this article.
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Particulate matter, air quality and climate: Lessons learned and future needs
Sandro Fuzzi,Urs Baltensperger,Kenneth S. Carslaw,Stefano Decesari,H.A.C. Denier van der Gon,Maria Cristina Facchini,David Fowler,Ilan Koren,Ben Langford,Ulrike Lohmann,Eiko Nemitz,Spyros N. Pandis,Ilona Riipinen,Yinon Rudich,Martijn Schaap,Jay G. Slowik,Dominick V. Spracklen,Elisabetta Vignati,Martin Wild,Martin L. Williams,Stefania Gilardoni +20 more
TL;DR: The literature on atmospheric particulate maffer (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500-2000 papers per year in the refereed literature.
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