Particulate matter, air quality and climate: Lessons learned and future needs
Sandro Fuzzi,Urs Baltensperger,Kenneth S. Carslaw,Stefano Decesari,H.A.C. Denier van der Gon,Maria Cristina Facchini,David Fowler,Ilan Koren,Ben Langford,Ulrike Lohmann,Eiko Nemitz,Spyros N. Pandis,Ilona Riipinen,Yinon Rudich,Martijn Schaap,Jay G. Slowik,Dominick V. Spracklen,Elisabetta Vignati,Martin Wild,Martin L. Williams,Stefania Gilardoni +20 more
TLDR
The literature on atmospheric particulate maffer (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500-2000 papers per year in the refereed literature.Abstract:
The literature on atmospheric particulate maffer (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500—2000 papers per year in the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate maffer constitutes one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and for climate change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results within the atmospheric aerosol sciences and thepoticy needs, which have driven much ofthe increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the last 2 decades. The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science underpinning climate—aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health and the environment. However, while airborne particulate matter is responsible for globally important influences on premature human mortality, we stijl do not know the relative importance of the different chemical components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global wanning and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2°C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SlA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population. A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects ofPM is currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in the knowledge of aerosol science; among the shortcomings, the roles of PM in global climate and the relative roles of different PM precursor sources and their response to climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are prominent. In any case, the evidence from this paper strongly advocates for an integrated approach to air quality and climate policies.read more
Citations
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Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer
Paul S. Monks,Alexander T. Archibald,Augustin Colette,Owen R. Cooper,Mhairi Coyle,Richard G. Derwent,David Fowler,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Claire Granier,Kathy S. Law,Gina Mills,David Stevenson,Oksana Tarasova,Valérie Thouret,E. von Schneidemesser,Roberto Sommariva,Oliver Wild,Martin L. Williams +18 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models and takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner.
Journal ArticleDOI
Severe haze in northern China: A synergy of anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes.
Zhisheng An,Ru-Jin Huang,Renyi Zhang,Xuexi Tie,Guohui Li,Guohui Li,Junji Cao,Junji Cao,Weijian Zhou,Weijian Zhou,Zhengguo Shi,Zhengguo Shi,Yongming Han,Yongming Han,Zhaolin Gu,Yuemeng Ji,Yuemeng Ji +16 more
TL;DR: It is highlighted that improved understanding of the emission sources, physical/chemical processes during haze evolution, and interactions with meteorological/climatic changes are necessary to unravel the causes, mechanisms, and trends for haze pollution.
Non-spherical aerosol retrieval method employing light scattering by spheroids and it application to AERONET data
Oleg Dubovik,B. N. Holben,T. Lapyonok,Aliaksandr Sinyuk,M. I. Mischenko,Ping Yang,Alexander Smirnov,T. F. Eck,C. Cattrall,I. Slutsker +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a shape mixture of randomly oriented polydisperse spheroids is used for the retrieval of the optical properties of non-spherical aerosol in remote sensing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Desert dust hazards: A global review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a synthesis of the hazards of desert dust, including accelerated soil erosion in agricultural zones, air pollution caused by desert aerosols via their physical, chemical and biological properties, transport accidents caused by poor visibility during desert dust events, and impacts on electricity generation and distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
"What We Breathe Impacts Our Health: Improving Understanding of the Link between Air Pollution and Health"
J. Jason West,Aaron Cohen,Frank Dentener,Bert Brunekreef,Tong Zhu,Ben Armstrong,Michelle L. Bell,Michael Brauer,Gregory R. Carmichael,Dan L. Costa,Douglas W. Dockery,Michael J. Kleeman,Michal Krzyzanowski,Nino Künzli,Nino Künzli,Catherine Liousse,Shih-Chun Candice Lung,Randall V. Martin,Randall V. Martin,Ulrich Pöschl,C. Arden Pope,James M. Roberts,Armistead G. Russell,Christine Wiedinmyer +23 more
TL;DR: Research is needed to better understand the chemical and physical properties of complex air pollutant mixtures, and to use new observations provided by satellites, advanced in situ measurement techniques, and distributed micro monitoring networks, coupled with models to better characterize air pollution exposure for epidemiological and toxicological research.
References
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TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
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