Purification of Noisy Entanglement and Faithful Teleportation via Noisy Channels

TLDR: Upper and lower bounds on the yield of pure singlets ($\ket{\Psi^-}$) distillable from mixed states $M$ are given, showing $D(M)>0$ if $\bra{Psi-}M\ket-}>\half$.

Abstract: Two separated observers, by applying local operations to a supply of not-too-impure entangled states (e.g., singlets shared through a noisy channel), can prepare a smaller number of entangled pairs of arbitrarily high purity (e.g., near-perfect singlets). These can then be used to faithfully teleport unknown quantum states from one observer to the other, thereby achieving faithful transmission of quantum information through a noisy channel. We give upper and lower bounds on the yield $D\left(M\right)$ of pure singlets $(|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}〉)$ distillable from mixed states $M$, showing $D\left(M\right)g0$ if $〈{\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}|M|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}〉g\frac{1}{2}$.