Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum correlations in optical angle-orbital angular momentum variables
Jonathan Leach,B. Jack,J. Romero,Anand K. Jha,Alison M. Yao,Sonja Franke-Arnold,D. G. Ireland,Robert W. Boyd,Stephen M. Barnett,Miles J. Padgett +9 more
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TLDR
This demonstration of entanglement in an angular basis establishes that angles are genuine quantum observables and can therefore be considered a resource for quantum information processing, capable of secure, high-dimension, key distribution.Abstract:
Entanglement of the properties of two separated particles constitutes a fundamental signature of quantum mechanics and is a key resource for quantum information science. We demonstrate strong Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen correlations between the angular position and orbital angular momentum of two photons created by the nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The discrete nature of orbital angular momentum and the continuous but periodic nature of angular position give rise to a special sort of entanglement between these two variables. The resulting correlations are found to be an order of magnitude stronger than those allowed by the uncertainty principle for independent (nonentangled) particles. Our results suggest that angular position and orbital angular momentum may find important applications in quantum information science.read more
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Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing
Jian Wang,Jian Wang,Jeng-Yuan Yang,Irfan Fazal,Nisar Ahmed,Yan Yan,Hao Huang,Yongxiong Ren,Yang Yue,S. Dolinar,Moshe Tur,Alan E. Willner +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the ability to multiplex and transfer data between twisted beams of light with different amounts of orbital angular momentum, which provides new opportunities for increasing the data capacity of free-space optical communications links.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications
Alison M. Yao,Miles J. Padgett +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if every polarization vector rotates, the light has spin; if the phase structure rotates and if a light has orbital angular momentum (OAM), the light can be many times greater than the spin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams
Alan E. Willner,Hao Huang,Yan Yan,Yongxiong Ren,Nisar Ahmed,Guodong Xie,Changjing Bao,Long Li,Yinwen Cao,Zhe Zhao,Jian Wang,Martin P. J. Lavery,Moshe Tur,Siddharth Ramachandran,Andreas F. Molisch,Nima Ashrafi,Solyman Ashrafi +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review recent progress in OAM beam generation/detection, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and its potential applications in different scenarios including free-space optical communications, fiber-optic communications, and RF communications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities
TL;DR: The authors survey the steady refinement of techniques used to create optical vortices, and explore their applications, which include sophisticated optical computing processes, novel microscopy and imaging techniques, the creation of ‘optical tweezers’ to trap particles of matter, and optical machining using light to pattern structures on the nanoscale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Massive Dirac Fermion on the Surface of a Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator
Yulin Chen,Jiun-Haw Chu,Jiun-Haw Chu,James Analytis,James Analytis,Zhongkai Liu,Zhongkai Liu,Kyushiro Igarashi,Hsueh-Hui Kuo,Hsueh-Hui Kuo,Xiao-Liang Qi,Xiao-Liang Qi,Sung-Kwan Mo,Robert G. Moore,Donghui Lu,Makoto Hashimoto,Makoto Hashimoto,Takao Sasagawa,Shou-Cheng Zhang,Shou-Cheng Zhang,Ian R. Fisher,Ian R. Fisher,Zahid Hussain,Zhi-Xun Shen,Zhi-Xun Shen +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduced magnetic dopants into the three-dimensional topological insulator dibismuth triselenide (Bi2Se3) to break the time reversal symmetry and further position the Fermi energy inside the gaps by simultaneous magnetic and charge doping.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?
TL;DR: Consideration of the problem of making predictions concerning a system on the basis of measurements made on another system that had previously interacted with it leads to the result that one is led to conclude that the description of reality as given by a wave function is not complete.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that even without such a separability or locality requirement, no hidden variable interpretation of quantum mechanics is possible and that such an interpretation has a grossly nonlocal structure, which is characteristic of any such theory which reproduces exactly the quantum mechanical predictions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes.
TL;DR: Laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution is found to have a well-defined orbital angular momentum and an astigmatic optical system may be used to transform a high-order LaguERre- Gaussian mode into aHigh-order Hermite-Gaussia mode reversibly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Speakable and Unspeakable in Quatum Mechanics
J. S. Bell,N. David Mermin +1 more
TL;DR: Koestler's book The Sleepwalkers as discussed by the authors is an account of the Copernican revolution, with Copernicus, Kepler, and Galilei as heroes, and he concluded that they were not really aware of what they were doing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons
TL;DR: This work demonstrates entanglement involving the spatial modes of the electromagnetic field carrying orbital angular momentum, which provides a practical route to entangled states that involves many orthogonal quantum states, rather than just two Multi-dimensional entangled states could be of considerable importance in the field of quantum information, enabling, for example, more efficient use of communication channels in quantum cryptography.