Journal ArticleDOI
Reconciling biodiversity with timber production and revenue via an intensive forest management experiment.
Urs G. Kormann,Urs G. Kormann,Urs G. Kormann,Thomas D. Stokely,Jake Verschuyl,Andrew J. Kroll,Scott H. Harris,Doug Maguire,Doug Mainwaring,James W. Rivers,Matthew G. Betts +10 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors assessed the relationship between biodiversity, yield, and economic benefit by combining 7'yr of biodiversity surveys (>800 taxa) and forecasts of timber yield and economic return from a replicated, large-scale experiment that manipulated herbicide application intensity in operational timber plantations.Abstract:
Understanding how land-management intensification shapes the relationships between biodiversity, yield, and economic benefit is critical for managing natural resources. Yet, manipulative experiments that test how herbicides affect these relationships are scarce, particularly in forest ecosystems where considerable time lags exist between harvest revenue and initial investments. We assessed these relationships by combining 7 yr of biodiversity surveys (>800 taxa) and forecasts of timber yield and economic return from a replicated, large-scale experiment that manipulated herbicide application intensity in operational timber plantations. Herbicides reduced species richness across trophic groups (-18%), but responses by higher-level trophic groups were more variable (0-38% reduction) than plant responses (-40%). Financial discounting, a conventional economic method to standardize past and future cash flows, strongly modified biodiversity-revenue relationships caused by management intensity. Despite a projected 28% timber yield gain with herbicides, biodiversity-revenue trade-offs were muted when opportunity costs were high (i.e., economic discount rates ≥7%). Although herbicides can drive biodiversity-yield trade-offs, under certain conditions, financial discounting provides opportunities to reconcile biodiversity conservation with revenue.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Perspectives: Thirty years of triad forestry, a critical clarification of theory and recommendations for implementation and testing
TL;DR: The triad is an auspicious landscape approach, but to date there is very little empirical evidence supporting triad over alternatives, thus experimental and observation studies are needed to compare the efficacy of the triad approach over other forest landscape management schemes as discussed by the authors .
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental evaluation of herbicide use on biodiversity, ecosystem services and timber production trade-offs in forest plantations
Thomas D. Stokely,Urs G. Kormann,Urs G. Kormann,Jake Verschuyl,Andrew J. Kroll,David W. Frey,Scott H. Harris,Doug Mainwaring,Doug Maguire,Jeff A. Hatten,James W. Rivers,Stephen Arthur Fitzgerald,Matthew G. Betts +12 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Bee diversity decreases rapidly with time since harvest in intensively managed conifer forests.
Rachel A. Zitomer,Sara M. Galbraith,Matthew G. Betts,Andrew R. Moldenke,Robert A. Progar,James W. Rivers +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors assessed changes in wild bee communities with time since harvest in 60 intensively managed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands across a gradient in stand ages spanning a typical harvest rotation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Zoning by Site Index to Balance Multiple Objectives for Pine in Southern US Family Forests
TL;DR: In this article , the effectiveness of functional zoning based on site index on forest sizes relevant to family forest owners was evaluated, and it was found that 80% of family forest parcels had sufficient site index heterogeneity to benefit from functional zoning.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture
TL;DR: Per capita demand for crops, when measured as caloric or protein content of all crops combined, has been a similarly increasing function of per capita real income since 1960 and forecasts a 100–110% increase in global crop demand from 2005 to 2050.
Journal ArticleDOI
The metacommunity concept: a framework for multi-scale community ecology
Mathew A. Leibold,Marcel Holyoak,Nicolas Mouquet,Nicolas Mouquet,Priyanga Amarasekare,Jonathan M. Chase,Martha F. Hoopes,Robert D. Holt,Jonathan B. Shurin,Richard Law,David Tilman,Michel Loreau,Andrew Gonzalez +12 more
TL;DR: This framework is used to discuss why the metacommunity concept is useful in modifying existing ecological thinking and illustrate this with a number of both theoretical and empirical examples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity – ecosystem service management
TL;DR: In this article, the negative and positive effects of agricultural land use for the conservation of biodiversity, and its relation to ecosystem services, need a landscape perspective, which is difficult to be found in the literature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Density as a misleading indicator of habitat quality
TL;DR: The objectives of this paper are to make predictions regarding species and envi- ronmental types for which the density- habitat quality relationship is likely to be decoupled, and to make examples of situations in which this correlation does not hold.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification
Teja Tscharntke,Yann Clough,Thomas C. Wanger,Thomas C. Wanger,Louise E. Jackson,Iris Motzke,Iris Motzke,Ivette Perfecto,John Vandermeer,Anthony M. Whitbread +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the true value of functional biodiversity on the farm is often inadequately acknowledged or understood, while conventional intensification tends to disrupt beneficial functions of biodiversity.