Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of pop mixtures on the arctic food chain
TLDR
The exposure of the Arctic ecosystem to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was assessed through a review of literature data and a decrease in risk from the POP mixture is evident, mainly because of international control measures.Abstract:
The exposure of the Arctic ecosystem to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was assessed through a review of literature data. Concentrations of 19 chemicals or congeneric groups were estimated for the highest levels of the Arctic food chain (Arctic cod, ringed seals, and polar bears). The ecotoxicological risk for seals, bears, and bear cubs was estimated by applying the concentration addition (CA) concept. The risk of POP mixtures was very low in seals. By contrast, the risk was 2 orders of magnitude higher than the risk threshold for adult polar bears and even more (3 orders of magnitude above the threshold) for bear cubs fed with contaminated milk. Based on the temporal trends available for many of the chemicals, the temporal trend of the mixture risk for bear cubs was calculated. Relative to the 1980s, a decrease in risk from the POP mixture is evident, mainly because of international control measures. However, the composition of the mixture substantially changes, and the contribution of new POPs (particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate) increases. These results support the effectiveness of control measures, such as those promulgated in the Stockholm Convention, as well as the urgent need for their implementation for new and emerging POPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1181–1192. © 2017 SETACread more
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State of knowledge on current exposure, fate and potential health effects of contaminants in polar bears from the circumpolar Arctic
Heli Routti,Todd C. Atwood,Thea Bechshoft,Andrei N. Boltunov,Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski,Jean-Pierre Desforges,Rune Dietz,Geir Wing Gabrielsen,Bjørn Munro Jenssen,Robert J. Letcher,Melissa A. McKinney,Adam D. Morris,Frank Rigét,Christian Sonne,Bjarne Styrishave,Sabrina Tartu +15 more
TL;DR: Overall results suggest that legacy persistent organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls, chlordanes and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), followed by other perfluoroalkyl compounds, are still the main compounds in polar bears.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental and behavioral changes may influence the exposure of an Arctic apex predator to pathogens and contaminants
Todd C. Atwood,Colleen Duncan,Kelly A. Patyk,Pauline Nol,Jack C. Rhyan,Matthew McCollum,Melissa A. McKinney,Andrew M. Ramey,Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar,Oliver C.H. Kwok,Jitender P. Dubey,Steven G. Hennager +11 more
TL;DR: It is found that seroprevalence of Brucella spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Persistent organic pollutants in the polar regions and the Tibetan Plateau: A review of current knowledge and future prospects.
Xiaoping Wang,Xiaoping Wang,Chuanfei Wang,Ting-Ting Zhu,Ping Gong,Ping Gong,Jianjie Fu,Zhiyuan Cong,Zhiyuan Cong +8 more
TL;DR: Considering the impact of climate change on POPs is still unclear, long-term monitoring data and global/regional models are required, and the fate of POPs in all three polar regions needs to be comprehensively studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as sentinels for the elucidation of Arctic environmental change processes: a comprehensive review combined with ArcRisk project results
Pernilla Marianne Carlsson,Knut Breivik,Eva Brorström-Lundén,Ian T. Cousins,Jesper H. Christensen,Joan O. Grimalt,Crispin J. Halsall,Roland Kallenborn,Roland Kallenborn,Khaled Abass,Khaled Abass,Gerhard Lammel,Gerhard Lammel,John Munthe,Matthew MacLeod,Jon Øyvind Odland,Janet Pawlak,Arja Rautio,Lars-Otto Reiersen,Martin Schlabach,Irene Stemmler,Simon Wilson,Henry Wöhrnschimmel +22 more
TL;DR: An overview of studies on PCBs in the Arctic is presented and the findings from ArcRisk are combined to provide a case study on the behaviour and impact of PCBs over time inThe Arctic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological Change Drives a Decline in Mercury Concentrations in Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears
TL;DR: Findings indicate that changes in foraging ecology, not declining environmental concentrations of mercury, are driving short-term declines in THg concentrations in southern Beaufort Sea polar bears.
References
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Generalized Additive Models
Trevor Hastie,Robert Tibshirani +1 more
TL;DR: The generalized additive model (GA) as discussed by the authors is a generalization of the generalized linear model, which replaces the linear model with a sum of smooth functions in an iterative procedure called local scoring algorithm.
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