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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in rapid development.

TLDR
Research regarding basic knowledge on the virus, updates on the animal models, current landscape of vaccines in clinical evaluation and updated research results on vaccine development are described.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading globally. The scientific community is attempting to procure an effective treatment and prevention strategy for COVID-19. A rising number of vaccines for COVID-19 are being developed at an unprecedented speed. Development platforms include traditional inactivated or live attenuated virus vaccines, DNA or RNA vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines, and protein or peptide subunit vaccines. There are 23 vaccines in the clinical evaluation stage and at least 140 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation. In this review, we describe research regarding basic knowledge on the virus, updates on the animal models, current landscape of vaccines in clinical evaluation and updated research results on vaccine development. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines require further investigation.

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Safety of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in multiple sclerosis (MS): Early experience from a tertiary MS center in Israel.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report real-life safety data of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in a cohort of MS patients, and an anonymous survey was distributed to 425 MS patients.
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Patient-reported safety and tolerability of the COVID-19 vaccines in persons with rare neuroimmunological diseases.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors report real-world safety data of COVID-19 vaccines in persons with rare neuroimmunological diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), MOG-antibody disease (MOGAD), and transverse myelitis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review

TL;DR: The study reveals that side effects after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are common, but they are usually mild and self-limited, and will reassure the public that the benefits of vaccination far exceed the dangers.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019.

TL;DR: Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, which is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans.
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A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

TL;DR: Identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China, and it is shown that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV, indicates that the virus is related to a bat coronav virus.
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Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.

TL;DR: The authors show that this protein binds at least 10 times more tightly than the corresponding spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–CoV to their common host cell receptor, and test several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs.
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Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.

TL;DR: It is demonstrating that cross-neutralizing antibodies targeting conserved S epitopes can be elicited upon vaccination, and it is shown that SARS-CoV-2 S uses ACE2 to enter cells and that the receptor-binding domains of Sars- coV- 2 S and SARS S bind with similar affinities to human ACE2, correlating with the efficient spread of SATS among humans.
Journal ArticleDOI

Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2.

TL;DR: Cryo–electron microscopy structures of full-length human ACE2 in the presence of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 with or without the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the surface spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 are presented, providing important insights into the molecular basis for coronavirus recognition and infection.
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Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines require further investigation.