Journal ArticleDOI
Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations
TLDR
In this article, three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods.Abstract:
Forest soil respiration is the sum of heterotrophic (microbes, soil fauna) and auto- trophic (root) respiration. The contribution of each group needs to be understood to evaluate implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including: integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, but isotope based methods provide quantitative answers with the least amount of disturbance to the soil and roots. Pub- lished data from all methods indicate that root/rhizosphere respiration can account for as little as 10 percent to greater than 90 percent of total in situ soil respiration depending on vegetation type and season of the year. Studies which have integrated percent root contribution to total soil respiration throughout an entire year or growing season show mean values of 45.8 and 60.4 percent for forest and nonforest vegetation, respectively. Such average annual values must be extrapolated with caution, however, because the root contribution to total soil respiration is commonly higher during the growing season and lower during the dormant periods of the year. Abbreviations: TScer -t otal soil CO 2 efflux rate; f - fractional root contribution to TS cer; RC - root contribution to TScerread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating Root plus rhizosphere contributions to soil respiration in annual croplands
James W. Raich,Germán Mora +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe and test a model that estimates soil CO 2 emissions derived from anabolic and catabolic processes, representing organic matter decomposition and root + rhizosphere respiration, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Irrigation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review of Field-Based Studies
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Responses of Soil, Heterotrophic, and Autotrophic Respiration to Experimental Open-Field Soil Warming in a Cool-Temperate Deciduous Forest
Nam Jin Noh,Masatoshi Kuribayashi,Taku M. Saitoh,Tatsuro Nakaji,Masahiro Nakamura,Tsutom Hiura,Hiroyuki Muraoka +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the responses of R PsyNet S, heterotrophic respiration (R PsyNet S), autotrophic respiratory (RSourceFile A), nitrogen availability, and fine-root biomass to increased temperature in an open-field soil warming experiment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of selective tree harvests on aboveground biomass and net primary productivity of a second- growth northern hardwood forest
Jacob H. DyerJ.H. Dyer,Jacob H. DyerJ.H. Dyer,Stith T. Gower,Stith T. Gower,Jodi A. Forrester,Jodi A. Forrester,Craig G. Lorimer,Craig G. Lorimer,David J. Mladenoff,David J. Mladenoff,Julia I. Burton,Julia I. Burton +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors experimentally manipulated forest structure by creating variable-size canopy gaps in a second-growth northern hardwood forest in north-central Wisconsin following two growing seasons of pre-treatment monitoring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of continuous drought stress on soil respiration in a tropical rainforest in southwest China
Xiang Zhang,Yiping Zhang,Liqing Sha,Chuan-Sheng Wu,Zheng-Hong Tan,Qinghai Song,Yuntong Liu,Liyuan Dong +7 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors assessed the effects of long-term precipitation decrease on soil respiration in a tropical rainforest, and they found that the response of respiration to precipitation decrease may vary seasonally and the variation of volumetric water content in different seasons may be an important factor leading to the seasonal variation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate
TL;DR: In this article, measured rates of soil respiration from terrestrial and wetland ecosystems were used to define the annual global CO 2 flux from soils, to identify uncertainties in the global flux estimate, and to investigate the influences of temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Isotopes in PhotosynthesisFractionation techniques may reveal new aspects of carbon dynamics in plants
TL;DR: The fractionation of carbon isotopes that occurs during photosynthesis is one of the most useful techniques for investigating the efficiency of CO2 uptake and indicates that different strategies are needed for improving wateruse efficiency in different kinds of plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a brief review for policymakers who are concerned that changes in soil respiration may contribute to the rise in CO2 in Earth's atmosphere, while simultaneously leaving a greater store of carbon in the soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming
TL;DR: In this article, the Rothamsted model is used to calculate the amount of CO2 that would be released from the world stock of soil organic matter if temperatures increase as predicted, the annual return of plant debris to the soil being held constant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
J. S. Singh,S. R. Gupta +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review deals with methodological approaches, measured rates, and environmental control of two major interdependent processes regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, viz., plant decomposition and soil respiration.