Journal ArticleDOI
Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations
TLDR
In this article, three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods.Abstract:
Forest soil respiration is the sum of heterotrophic (microbes, soil fauna) and auto- trophic (root) respiration. The contribution of each group needs to be understood to evaluate implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including: integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, but isotope based methods provide quantitative answers with the least amount of disturbance to the soil and roots. Pub- lished data from all methods indicate that root/rhizosphere respiration can account for as little as 10 percent to greater than 90 percent of total in situ soil respiration depending on vegetation type and season of the year. Studies which have integrated percent root contribution to total soil respiration throughout an entire year or growing season show mean values of 45.8 and 60.4 percent for forest and nonforest vegetation, respectively. Such average annual values must be extrapolated with caution, however, because the root contribution to total soil respiration is commonly higher during the growing season and lower during the dormant periods of the year. Abbreviations: TScer -t otal soil CO 2 efflux rate; f - fractional root contribution to TS cer; RC - root contribution to TScerread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Contrasting effects of low and high nitrogen additions on soil CO2 flux components and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp production in a boreal forest
TL;DR: A nonlinear response of the R-a components of forest floor respiration and the production of ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps is found, which calls for further studies of the quantitative relations among N addition rate, plant photosynthesis and carbon allocation, and the function of EM fungi.
Journal ArticleDOI
Factors controlling spatio‐temporal variation in carbon dioxide efflux from surface litter, roots, and soil organic matter at four rain forest sites in the eastern Amazon
Daniel B. Metcalfe,Daniel B. Metcalfe,Patrick Meir,Luiz E. O. C. Aragão,Yadvinder Malhi,A. C. L. da Costa,Alan P. Braga,Paulo H. L. Gonçalves,J. de Athaydes,S. S. de Almeida,Mathew Williams +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that spatial heterogeneity in litter and root mass accounted for 44% of observed spatial variation in soil respiration (p < 0.001) and hence the observed variation in respiration from litter and roots.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of fire on carbon distribution and net primary production of boreal Larix gmelinii forests in north-eastern China
Chuankuan Wang,Chuankuan Wang,Stith T. Gower,Yihong Wang,Huixun Zhao,Ping Yan,Ben Bond-Lamberty +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of wildfire on carbon distribution and net primary production for three major Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) forest ecosystems in Tahe, Daxing'anling, north-eastern China were quantified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon fluxes to the soil in a mature temperate forest assessed by 13C isotope tracing.
Katharina Steinmann,Katharina Steinmann,Rolf T. W. Siegwolf,Matthias Saurer,Christian Körner +4 more
TL;DR: The use of 13C depleted CO2 in a free air CO2 enrichment experiment in a mature deciduous forest permitted us to trace the carbon transfer from tree crowns to the rhizosphere of 100–120 years old trees and opens an exciting new possibility of associating respiration with different species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contribution of soil respiration to the global carbon equation.
TL;DR: Based on the global estimation of Rs flux, it is found that Rs is highly correlated with GPP and NPP at the biome level, highlighting the role of Rs in global carbon budgets.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate
TL;DR: In this article, measured rates of soil respiration from terrestrial and wetland ecosystems were used to define the annual global CO 2 flux from soils, to identify uncertainties in the global flux estimate, and to investigate the influences of temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Isotopes in PhotosynthesisFractionation techniques may reveal new aspects of carbon dynamics in plants
TL;DR: The fractionation of carbon isotopes that occurs during photosynthesis is one of the most useful techniques for investigating the efficiency of CO2 uptake and indicates that different strategies are needed for improving wateruse efficiency in different kinds of plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a brief review for policymakers who are concerned that changes in soil respiration may contribute to the rise in CO2 in Earth's atmosphere, while simultaneously leaving a greater store of carbon in the soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming
TL;DR: In this article, the Rothamsted model is used to calculate the amount of CO2 that would be released from the world stock of soil organic matter if temperatures increase as predicted, the annual return of plant debris to the soil being held constant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
J. S. Singh,S. R. Gupta +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review deals with methodological approaches, measured rates, and environmental control of two major interdependent processes regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, viz., plant decomposition and soil respiration.