Journal ArticleDOI
Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations
TLDR
In this article, three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods.Abstract:
Forest soil respiration is the sum of heterotrophic (microbes, soil fauna) and auto- trophic (root) respiration. The contribution of each group needs to be understood to evaluate implications of environmental change on soil carbon cycling and sequestration. Three primary methods have been used to distinguish hetero- versus autotrophic soil respiration including: integration of components contributing to in situ forest soil CO2 efflux (i.e., litter, roots, soil), comparison of soils with and without root exclusion, and application of stable or radioactive isotope methods. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, but isotope based methods provide quantitative answers with the least amount of disturbance to the soil and roots. Pub- lished data from all methods indicate that root/rhizosphere respiration can account for as little as 10 percent to greater than 90 percent of total in situ soil respiration depending on vegetation type and season of the year. Studies which have integrated percent root contribution to total soil respiration throughout an entire year or growing season show mean values of 45.8 and 60.4 percent for forest and nonforest vegetation, respectively. Such average annual values must be extrapolated with caution, however, because the root contribution to total soil respiration is commonly higher during the growing season and lower during the dormant periods of the year. Abbreviations: TScer -t otal soil CO 2 efflux rate; f - fractional root contribution to TS cer; RC - root contribution to TScerread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Soil CO2 emissions in agricultural watersheds with agroforestry and grass contour buffer strips.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of agroforestry and grass contour buffer strips and landscape position on soil surface efflux rate of CO2 in three adjacent agricultural watersheds with claypan soils in northeast Missouri were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emissions of CH4 and CO2 from paddy fields as affected by tillage practices and crop residues in central China
TL;DR: In this article, a field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of tillage practices [no-tillage (NT) and conventional intensive tillage (CT)] and residue returning levels (0, 3000, 6000, 9000 kg dry matter ha−1) on methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and grain yield from paddy fields during the 2011 rice growing season after 2 years oilseed rape-rice rotation in central China.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial Variation of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes Across Topographical Positions in Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield
Elodie A. Courtois,Elodie A. Courtois,Clément Stahl,Clément Stahl,Joke Van den Berge,Laëtitia Bréchet,Laëtitia Bréchet,Leandro Van Langenhove,Leandro Van Langenhove,Andreas Richter,Andreas Richter,Ifigenia Urbina,Jennifer L. Soong,Josep Peñuelas,Ivan A. Janssens +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial variation of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (GHG; CO2, CH4 and N2O) remains poorly understood in highly complex ecosystems such as tropical forests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Feedback responses of soil greenhouse gas emissions to climate change are modulated by soil characteristics in dryland ecosystems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined individual and interactive impacts of elevated CO2 (400ppm vs. 600ppm) and elevated temperature (ambient vs. −3°C increase) treatments on GHG fluxes, in three Australian dryland soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Repeated Canopy Scorching on Soil CO 2 Efflux
Doug P. Aubrey,Behzad Mortazavi,Joseph J. O'Brien,Jason D. McGee,Joseph J. Hendricks,Kevin A. Kuehn,Robert O. Teskey,Robert J. Mitchell +7 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that tree species in ecosystems that experience frequent disturbance may allocate more carbon to storage than those in less disturbed ecosystems, and as a result are more resilient to disturbances that affect photosynthate supply.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate
TL;DR: In this article, measured rates of soil respiration from terrestrial and wetland ecosystems were used to define the annual global CO 2 flux from soils, to identify uncertainties in the global flux estimate, and to investigate the influences of temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Isotopes in PhotosynthesisFractionation techniques may reveal new aspects of carbon dynamics in plants
TL;DR: The fractionation of carbon isotopes that occurs during photosynthesis is one of the most useful techniques for investigating the efficiency of CO2 uptake and indicates that different strategies are needed for improving wateruse efficiency in different kinds of plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a brief review for policymakers who are concerned that changes in soil respiration may contribute to the rise in CO2 in Earth's atmosphere, while simultaneously leaving a greater store of carbon in the soil.
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Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming
TL;DR: In this article, the Rothamsted model is used to calculate the amount of CO2 that would be released from the world stock of soil organic matter if temperatures increase as predicted, the annual return of plant debris to the soil being held constant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
J. S. Singh,S. R. Gupta +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review deals with methodological approaches, measured rates, and environmental control of two major interdependent processes regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, viz., plant decomposition and soil respiration.